不同影片速率之視覺練習研究

The study of visual practice of different films' rates

吳高讚(Kao-Tsan Wu)

動作視覺 ； 預期 ； 廣義線性混合效應模型 ； motion vision ； anticipation ； generalized linear mixed effects model

排球教練科學

20期（2014 / 12 / 15）

1 - 10

繁體中文

目的：瞭解不同視覺練習方法對預測球路勝算之差異情形。方法：以政治大學選修排球初級之學生共172名為參與者，研究設計是以編輯不同速率之排球影片來測試參與者的視覺練習效能，所得資料以廣義線性混合效應模型進行統計分析。結果：一、在前測預測錯誤下，在直線球及斜線球時，以正常動作視覺練習組最有效益，在吊球時則趨向慢動作視覺練習組或定格動作視覺練習組。二、在前測預測正確下，當球路分別為直線球→斜線球→吊球時，男生預測正確球路的最高勝算分別是正常動作視覺練習組→慢動作視覺練習組→定格動作視覺練習組，女生則分別是控制組→定格動作視覺練習組→正常動作視覺練習組。結論：正常動作視覺練習法對初學者較有學習效果，且視覺練習法與作業難度有關。如在較難偵察之直球上，初學者以較抽象概念之正常動作視覺練習法去記憶整體動作較有效益，而無法以定格動作視覺練習法或慢動作視覺練習法去記憶動作每個細節；但在較易偵察之吊球上，初學者以較具體概念之慢動作視覺練習法或定格動作視覺練習法去記憶動作每個細節較有效益。

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to understand the variances in different visual practice methods in odds of predicting directions of balls correctly. Method: The participants were 172 NCCU students selecting basic volleyball skills. The study was designed to test the participants' visual practice effectiveness by editing different rates of volleyball films. The data gained was statistically analyzed in Generalized Linear Mixed Effects Model. Results: A. Under wrong prediction of pretest, group of normal-action visual practice has the highest effectiveness as far as straight-lined balls and tilted-balls are concerned. Groups of slow-action visual practice or pause-action visual practice are the most effective when hanging balls are concerned. B. Under correct prediction of pretest, when the balls are straight-lined balls, tilted-balls and hanging balls respectively, the highest odds of prediction for males fall respectively in normal-action visual practice group, slow-action visual practice group and pause-action visual practice group. However, for female participants, the highest odds fall in control group, pause-action visual practice group, and normal-action visual practice group respectively. Conclusion: Normal-action visual practice has better learning effects for beginners, and visual practice methods are related to the difficulty of tasks. In terms of straight-lined balls, which are harder to detect, it is more effective for beginners to memorize whole movements with normal-action visual practice, which carries a more abstract concept. But they can't memorize every detail of every movement with pause-action visual practice or slow-action visual practice. On the other hand, in terms of hanging balls, which are easier to detect, it is more effective for beginners to memorize every detail with slow-action visual practice or pause-action visual practice, which carry more concrete concepts.

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