The Critique of Nishida Kitarô by Sôda Kiichirô: A Metaphysical Issue

左右田喜一郎對西田幾多郎的批判：一個形上學的問題

10.6163/tjeas.2015.12(1)65

Michel Dalissier

西田幾多郎 ； 左右田喜一郎 ； 梅洛－龐帝 ； 場所邏輯 ； 拓樸學邏輯 ； 形上學 ； 認識論 ； 心理學 ； 虛無 ； 自我覺醒 ； 意識 ； 超越 ； 創作 ； Nishida Kitarô ； Sôda Kiichirô ； Merleau-Ponty ； logic of place ； topological logic ； metaphysics ； epistemology ； psychology ； nothingness ； self-awakening ； consciousness, transcendence ； making

臺灣東亞文明研究學刊

12卷1期（2015 / 06 / 01）

65 - 110

英文

一九二七年，西田幾多郎提筆對左右田喜一郎的批評做出回應，代表他首度以暗示的方式重建他的拓樸學邏輯－筆者會討論這個說法－尤其關係到某種形上學的詭辯。更正面的一點，這篇文章幫助我們釐清他對自康德以降的德國哲學史的理解。以這篇文章為基礎，筆者有意透過這個機會，以英語綜合整理個人在這個領域的詮釋之核心，亦即以絕對虛無的本體論和邏輯之間的差異為主軸。此外，筆者將找出西田幾多郎和梅洛龐帝某些方法之間的關係，尤其是針對「創作」這個觀念。筆者專注探討這篇文章的前兩部分，企圖解開自我覺醒和虛無之間錯綜複雜的概念性關係。首先，筆者會探討從認識論到心理學的巨大改變，重新釐清西多郎和形上學的關係。其次，筆者會重新思考西多郎「征服本體論」的觀念，凸顯出我所謂「拓樸化的初步輪廓」。

In 1927 Nishida Kitarô wrote a response to the critique of Sôda Kiichirô, represents an unprecedented occasion to rebuild, in a suggestive way, his ＂topological logic＂-an expression to be discussed in this paper-, in particular concerning the quirks of a certain kind of metaphysics. More positively, it helps us to cast some light on his understanding of the history of German Philosophy since Kant. Taking this essay as a cornerstone, I would like to take the opportunity to synthetize, in English, the core of my interpretation in this field, centred on the distinction between ontology, mê-ontology, and logic, if not metaphysics, of absolute nothingness. What is more, I will interrelate certain schemes in Nishida and Merleau-Ponty, especially the idea of ＂making＂. I focus here on the first two sections of the essay, as I attempt to untangle the intricate conceptual relations between self-awakening and nothingness. Firstly, I explore the significant shift from epistemology to psychology, casting a new light on the relation of Nishida to metaphysics. Secondly, I reconsider his idea of overcoming ontology, distinguishing what I call ＂a first sketch of topologization＂.

1. Kierkegaard, Soren 1946 The Repetition. An Essay in Experimental Psychology, translated, with an introduction and notes by Walter Lowrie, with a bibliographical essay: How Kierkegaard got in English (Princeton University Press, 1946)
2. Daijisen, Shogakukan 1944 Mutai Risaku, Basho no ronrigaku [The [scientific] Logic of Place] (Tôkyô: Kôbundô, 1944)
3. Cohen, Hermann 1925 Kants Theorie der Erfahrung [Kant's Theory of Experience] (Berlin: Bruno Cassirer, 1925)
4. Kiichirô, Sôda 1926 "Nishida tetsugaku no hôhô ni tsuite Nishida hakashi no oshie o kou" [Asking Doctor Nishida for Some Lights about the Method of Nishida Philosophy], Tetsugaku kenkyû [Philosophical Research] (October, 1926), pp. 1-30
5. Austin, John Langshaw(2003).How to do Things with Words.Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
6. Bergson, Henri(2009).La pensée et le mouvant.Paris:PUF.
7. Cheng, Anne(1997).Histoire de la pensée chinoise.Paris:Seuil.
8. Daijisen, Shogakukan(2012)。Dekaruto ni okeru torikaeshi no gainen。Annual Report of Cultural Studies，62，97-112。
9. Daijisen, Shogakukan(2010)。Nishida tetsugaku - kaishaku no dokuji essei。Cultural Configurations in Modern Asia，Kyoto:
10. Daijisen, Shogakukan(2011)。Meruro Ponti ni okeru rekishi no chikaku。Doshisha Annual of Philosophy，53-88。
11. Daijisen, Shogakukan(2010)。Nishida tetsugaku ni tsuite no ronjutsu no kokoromi。Yearbook of Nishida Philosophical Association，7，119-140。
12. Dalissier, M.(2008).La topologie philosophique. Un essai d'introduction à Nishida Kitarô.Les Archives de philosophie,71(4),631-668.
13. Dalissier, M.(2009).Anfractuosité et unification. La philosophie de Nishida Kitarô.Genève:Droz.
14. Dalissier, M.(2009).Nishida Kitarô, interprète de Henri Bergson (2). Bergson et le doublage.Bulletin of the Center of Research on Human Sciences,7,1-44.
15. Dalissier, M.(2007).Unification and Emptiness in Predication. The Stoics, Frege, Quine, Strawson, Nishida Kitarô; History of Logic under a Topological Enlightenment.Philosophia Osaka,2,19-42.
16. Dalissier, M.(2013).Etrangeté et prématuration selon Merleau-Ponty.International Congress, "The World: Common Interest for Philosophy Between Europe and Asia",Taipei:
17. Dalissier, M.(2006).The Idea of Mirror in Nishida and Dôgen.Frontiers of Japanese Philosophy,Nagoya:
18. Dalissier, M.(2012).Merleau-Ponty and the Orient.International Symposium "Modernization of Eastern Sciences",Taiwan:
19. Dalissier, M.(2013).The Philosophical Method of Maurice Merleau-Ponty.International Conference on "Christianity, Humanity and the Meaning of Life",Taipei:
20. Dalissier, M.(2009).Nishida Kitarô and Chinese Philosophy.Frontiers of Japanese Philosophy 4: Facing the 21st Century,Nagoya:
21. Dalissier, M.(2010).Nishida Kitarô and Chinese Philosophy. Part 2: Debt and Distance.Japan Review: Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies,22,137-170.
22. Dalissier, M.(2006).De la néontologie chez Nishida Kitarô.Revue de philosophie française,11,184-194.
23. Dalissier, M.(2013).Nishida Kitarô, interprète de Henri Bergson (3). Continuité et discontinuité. Une première étape: corporéité, plasticité, circularité et créativité.International Conference of the Projet Bergson au Japon (P.B.J.) "Autour des Deux Sources de la morale et de la religion de Bergson. Remarques finales"
24. Dalissier, M.(2008).Nishida Kitarô, interprète de Henri Bergson (1). L'élan et la durée.Bulletin of the Center of Research on Human Sciences,6,21-51.
25. Dalissier, Michel(ed.),Nagai, Shin(ed.),Sugimura, Yasuhiko(ed.)(2013).Philosophie japonaise: Le néant, le monde et le corps.Paris:Vrin.
26. Dalissier, Michel、Ibaragi, Daisuke(2003)。Nishida Kitarô : Compréhension logique et compréhension mathématique. Présentation, texte original et traduction。Ebisu，31，115-159。
27. Depraz, Natalie(1995).Transcendance et incarnation: Le statut de l'intersubjectivité comme altérité à soi chez Husserl.Paris:Vrin.
28. Descartes, René(2009).Principes de la philosophie.Paris:Vrin.
29. Fink, Eugen(1988).VI. Cartesianische Meditation, Teil 1: Die Idee einer transzendentalen Methodenlehre.Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic.
30. Gerhardt, C. J.(herausgegeben)(1965).Die Philosophischen Schriften.Hildesheim:Olms.
31. Girard, Frederic(2008).Vocabulaire du bouddhisme japonais.Genève:Droz.
32. Heidegger, Martin(1954).Vorträge und Aufsätze.Pfullingen:Neske.
33. Heidegger, Martin(1978).Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Logik.Frankfurt am Main:Klostermann.
34. Heidegger, Martin(1952).Einführung in die Metaphysik.Tübingen:Niemeyer.
35. Heidegger, Martin(2007).Zur Sache des Denkens.Frankfurt am Main:Klostermann.
36. Heisig, James W.(ed.)(2004).Japanese Philosophy Abroad.Nagoya:Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture.
37. Heisig, James W.(ed.),Kasulis, Thomas P.(ed.),Maraldo, John C.(ed.)(2011).Japanese Philosophy: A Sourcebook.Honolulu:University of Hawaii Press.
38. Jun, Tôsaka(1966)。Tosaka Jun zenshû。Tôkyô:Keiso。
39. Keh-Li, Fan(1991).Le mot vide dans la langue chinoise classique.Paris:You Feng.
40. Keh-Li, Fan(2006).Les modèles de phrases dans la langue chinoise classique.Paris:You Feng.
41. Kitarô, Nishida,Abe, Masao(trans.),Ives, Christopher(trans.)(1990).An Inquiry into the Good.New Haven:Yale University Press.
42. Kitarô, Nishida,Daisuké, Ibaragi(traduction),Dalissier, Michel(commentaire)(2009).Philosophie,103,51-76.
43. Kitarô, Nishida、Daisuké, Ibaragitrans(2010)。Philosophical Essays。Paris:l'Harmattan。
44. Kitarô, Nishida、Dilworth, David. D.trans(1970)。Fundamental Problems of Philosophy. The World of Action and the Dialectical World。Tôkyô:Sophia University。
45. Kitarô, Nishida,Viglielmo, Valdo H.(trans.),Takeuchi, Toshinori(trans.),O'Leary, Joseph S.(trans.)(1987).Intuition and Reflection in Self-consciousness.Albany:State University of New York Press.
46. Leroi-Gouran, Henri(2004).Pages oubliées sur le Japon, recueil posthume établi par Jean-François Lesbre.Grenoble:Millon.
47. Maraldo, John C.(2009).An Alternative Notion of Practice in the Promise of Japanese Philosophy.Frontiers of Japanese Philosophy 4: Facing the 21st Century,Nagoya:
48. Maraldo, John C.(1989).Translating Nishida.Philosophy East and West,4,465-496.
49. Marion, Jean-Luc(1991).Dieu sans l'être.Paris:P.U.F..
50. Merleau-Ponty, Maurice(1964).Le visible et l'invisible.Paris:Gallimard.
51. Merleau-Ponty, Maurice,Edie, James M.(ed. trans.)(1964).The Primacy of Perception: And Other Essays on Phenomenological Psychology, the Philosophy of Art, History and Politics.Evanston:Northwestern University Press.
52. Merleau-Ponty, Maurice,Lingis, Alphonso(ed. trans.)(1968).The Visible and the Invisible.Evanston:Northwestern University Press.
53. Michiko, Yusa(2002).Zen & Philosophy. An Intellectual Biography of Nishida Kitarô.Honolulu:University of Hawaii Press.
54. Nef, Frédéric(2004).Qu'est-ce que la métaphysique?.Paris:Gallimard.
55. Nishitani, Keijied.、Shimomura, Toratarôed.(1963)。Tanabe Hajime zenshû。Tôkyô:Chikuma。
56. Nishitani, Keijied.、Shimomura, Toratarôed.(1963)。Tanabe Hajime zenshû。Tôkyô:Chikuma。
57. Ricoeur, Paul(1990).Soi-même comme un autre.Paris:Seuil.
58. Takada, Atsushied.、Riesenhuber, Klaused.、Kôsaka, Kunitsugued.、Fujita, Masakatsued.(2003)。Nishida Kitarô zenshû。Tôkyô:Iwanami。
59. Takada, Atsushied.、Riesenhuber, Klaused.、Kôsaka, Kunitsugued.、Fujita, Masakatsued.(2003)。Nishida Kitarô zenshû。Tôkyô:Iwanami。
60. Takada, Atsushied.、Riesenhuber, Klaused.、Kôsaka, Kunitsugued.、Fujita, Masakatsued.(2003)。Nishida Kitarô zenshû。Tôkyô:Iwanami。
61. Takada, Atsushied.、Riesenhuber, Klaused.、Kôsaka, Kunitsugued.、Fujita, Masakatsued.(2003)。Nishida Kitarô zenshû。Tôkyô:Iwanami。
62. Takada, Atsushied.、Riesenhuber, Klaused.、Kôsaka, Kunitsugued.、Fujita, Masakatsued.(2003)。Nishida Kitarô zenshû。Tôkyô:Iwanami。
63. Takada, Atsushied.、Riesenhuber, Klaused.、Kôsaka, Kunitsugued.、Fujita, Masakatsued.(2003)。Nishida Kitarô zenshû。Tôkyô:Iwanami。
64. Takada, Atsushied.、Riesenhuber, Klaused.、Kôsaka, Kunitsugued.、Fujita, Masakatsued.(2003)。Nishida Kitarô zenshû。Tôkyô:Iwanami。
65. Takada, Atsushied.、Riesenhuber, Klaused.、Kôsaka, Kunitsugued.、Fujita, Masakatsued.(2003)。Nishida Kitarô zenshû。Tôkyô:Iwanami。
66. Takada, Atsushied.、Riesenhuber, Klaused.、Kôsaka, Kunitsugued.、Fujita, Masakatsued.(2003)。Nishida Kitarô zenshû。Tôkyô:Iwanami。
67. Takada, Atsushied.、Riesenhuber, Klaused.、Kôsaka, Kunitsugued.、Fujita, Masakatsued.(2003)。Nishida Kitarô zenshû。Tôkyô:Iwanami。
68. Takada, Atsushied.、Riesenhuber, Klaused.、Kôsaka, Kunitsugued.、Fujita, Masakatsued.(2003)。Nishida Kitarô zenshû。Tôkyô:Iwanami。
69. Takada, Atsushied.、Riesenhuber, Klaused.、Kôsaka, Kunitsugued.、Fujita, Masakatsued.(2003)。Nishida Kitarô zenshû。Tôkyô:Iwanami。
70. Takada, Atsushied.、Riesenhuber, Klaused.、Kôsaka, Kunitsugued.、Fujita, Masakatsued.(2003)。Nishida Kitarô zenshû。Tôkyô:Iwanami。
71. Takada, Atsushied.、Riesenhuber, Klaused.、Kôsaka, Kunitsugued.、Fujita, Masakatsued.(2003)。Nishida Kitarô zenshû。Tôkyô:Iwanami。
72. Tremblay, Jacynthe(ed.)(2010).Philosophes japonais contemporains.Presses de l'Universite de Montreal.
73. Wargo, Robert R.(trans.)(2005).The Logic of Nothingness: A Study of Nishida Kitarô.Honolulu:University of Hawaii Press.

1. DALISSIER, Michel(2016).A Metaphysical Dialogue within the Kyoto School of Philosophy NISHIDA Kitarô, SODA Kiichirô, and MUTAI Risaku.臺灣東亞文明研究學刊,13(2),1-50.