台灣喪親家庭關係之變化與探究

A Study of the Changes in the Familial Relationship in Bereaved Families

10.29844/JLDS.200907.0004

蔡佩真(Pei-Jen Tsai)

死亡 ； 喪親 ； 家庭關係 ； death ； bereaved family ； familial relationship

生死學研究

10期（2009 / 07 / 01）

159 - 198

繁體中文

本研究目的在於探討喪親家庭關係的改變情形，以促進社會對於喪親家庭有更多理解與關注，促使助人專業得以發展適切的喪親關懷活動。本研究採用質性研究典範，以紮根理論爲分析策略，研究對象是十四位癌症喪親家屬，進行喪親家庭訪視與深度訪談蒐集資料。研究結果發現：喪親家屬之間的關係可能變得更緊密，可能有機會修通舊僵局，也可能變得疏離或是衝突對立。喪親會引發家庭認同危機包括：家庭氣氛空洞化的危機；對逝者典範依循的落差危機；家庭結構鬆散分化的危機。本研究發現：喪親家庭仍有維繫家庭認同的力量。本研究統整了喪親家庭關係的面向，將喪親家庭分成四類型，包括團結共渡型、悲憤衝突型、解脫更新型、淡漠解離型，這四類的家庭在情緒的屬性與處理方式、家庭認同、關係模式上各有特殊性。本研究也發現：家庭關係的品質決定家庭是支持系統或是壓力系統。據此提出討論並針對喪親服務提供建議，本研究結果希望能產生實質的貢獻以促進喪親服務機制的建立，對於喪親家庭的協助能確切找到使力點與定位點。

The purpose of this study is to discuss how the familial relationship in a bereaved family changes, encourage the public to pay more attention to bereaved families, and help the people-helping sector develop more appropriate care for the bereaved. This is a qualitative study based on the ”grounded theory,” in which 14 individuals who have lost relatives to cancer underwent in-depth interviews for the researcher to gather information. The findings are: The relationship between the bereaved family members may become tighter, may serve as an opportunity for old grudges to clear up, or may cause them to become estranged or have conflicts. Familial-identification crisis caused by bereavement include: Hollowing of the familial atmosphere, differences in following the examples set by the deceased, and a deconstruction of the familial structure. It is discovered in this study that a bereaved family still has the power to maintain the sense of familial-identification. In this study different aspects of the bereaved familial relationship were organized, and bereaved families are placed into four categories: the stick-together type, the sorrow/anger-conflict type, the release and renewal type, and the estrangement and deconstruction type. These four types of families are different in terms of the nature of their emotions, how they deal with matters, familial identification, and relationship patterns. It is also discovered in this study that the quality of familial relationship determines whether a family is a source of support or stress. Based on the findings a discussion was conducted and suggestions regarding services for the bereaved were also proposed. It is wished that through this study a service mechanism for the bereaved could be established and how social workers may best assist bereaved families.

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