佛教生死觀運用於安寧療護靈性照顧

The Philosophy of Buddhism of Life and Death Applied to Spiritual Care in Hospice

蔡佩芬(Pei-Fen Tsai)；曾建寧(Chien-Ning Tseng)；陳玫蓉(Mei-Jung Chen)

佛教生死觀 ； 安寧療護 ； 靈性照顧 ； Buddhist concept of life and death ； Hospice care ； Spiritual Care

亞東學報

43期（2023 / 12 / 31）

15 - 25

繁體中文;英文

本文藉由多數台灣民眾能接受的佛教信仰，從佛教經典文獻查閱整理，分析闡述佛教教義對於生命及死亡的觀點與思想。佛教認為疾病是受苦，死亡不是終點，是一種因果輪迴，而透過臨終助念、體悟苦集滅道四聖諦等途徑，人人都有超越苦難，達到生死解脫，進而安樂善終。期待本文不僅可增進醫護人員對佛教生死內涵的理解，提升其靈性層面的評估能力，同時也提供醫療人員在照護安寧患者精神層面的參考。於護理過程中，能真正地尊重、同理末期個案的靈性需求，提供靈性的陪伴與照護，並藉由引導個案探索與瞭解死亡，轉化今生受苦的感受、尋找生命的意義，協助個案學會脫困及放下，進而激發內在的生命力量以超越生死桎梏，得到善終。

Buddhism is one of the major religions in Taiwan, enjoying widespread acceptance among Taiwanese people. Based on historical records and references from Buddhist scriptures, this essay analyzes and expounds on the Buddhist concept and thoughts about life and death. According to Buddhist beliefs, death is not the end but a passage to a new existence through reincarnation, bringing the departed into a reborn new existence, and this cycle of rebirth puts an end to perpetual suffering. Through reciting the scriptures and embracing the core beliefs of Buddhism, the Four Noble Truths encompassing suffering, cause of suffering, cessation of suffering, and the path leading to the end of suffering, individuals can transcend suffering to achieve liberation from the ceaseless cycle of life and death. Ultimately, such a journey culminates in experiencing the final moments of life in peace and joy. This essay provides a reference for medical staff to address the spiritual aspects of patients' well-being in hospice care. It aims to deepen medical professionals' understanding and equip them with enhanced spiritual assessment and caregiving skills tailored explicitly for palliative patients. This resource will contribute to the holistic care of patients, fostering a more compassionate and spiritually supportive environment. A nursing care plan includes providing spiritual companionship, fulfilling the patients' and families' last wishes, and guiding them to explore the experience of suffering to transcend the meaning of life and death. The overarching goal of this nursing process is to help patients break free from existential bewilderment and awaken their inner life force beyond the constraints of life and death, ultimately pursuing a purposeful end-of-life journey.