羅曼•雅可布森(1896-1982)論失語症

Roman Jakobson (1896-1982) on Aphasia

10.29702/JJFL.200607.0004

洪振耀(Gabriel Hong)

羅曼•雅可布森 ； 失語症 ； 語言學史 ； 神經語言學 ； 語言病理學 ； Roman Jakobson ； Aphasia ； History of Linguistics ； Neurolinguistics ； Patholinguistics

輔仁外語學報

3期（2006 / 07 / 31）

23 - 52

繁體中文

Roman Osipovich Jakobson(October 11，1896-July 18，1982)精通歐美數國語言，早期學術思想受Ferdinand de Saussure(1857-1913)影響甚深，曾經任教於哈佛(1949-1982)和MIT(1957-1982)等歐美多所一流大學，啟發提攜了Morris Halle(1923-)和Noam Chomsky(1928-)等語言學大師，有十餘所大學授予文學、科學榮譽博士學位，此外還先後擔任了數十個學會重要行政職務，其一生在詩學、文學、斯拉夫語言文學、聖經研究、人類學、翻譯學、符號學、語音學、語言學各方面所發表的論文和專書總共500有餘，也提出了一些精闢獨到的觀點，在神經語言學方面，他更屬早期開風氣之先，認定失語症研究是語言學相關議題的神經語言學先驅，也是美國失語症學院(Academy of Aphasia)的榮譽會員。本文在開頭簡介其生平，其實主旨在於整理他以失語症為主歷年來的相關言論著作，縱覽他的神經語言學思想脈絡格局，並以他前後的失語症相關研究為參考座標，為這位「語言學界的畢卡索」在神經語言學史上稍作客觀持平的歷史定位。

Roman Osipovich Jakobson (October 11, 1896-July 18, 1982) was a talented multilingual scholar. Inspired by Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) in his early studies, after he left his father land Russia, he later taught in American top universities Harvar (1949-1982) and MIT(1957-1982) and brought up contemporary linguists like Morris Halle(1923-) and Noam Chomsky(1928-). In recognition of his academic achievements, tens of universities bestowed him honorary doctoral degrees in literature and science. He was also actively involved with administrations in form of president and vice president of several important academic associations. Throughout his life, he published more than 500 papers and books all together, making significant contribution of his remarkable insights in various areas such as poetry, literature, slavistics, bible studies, anthropology, translation, semiotics, phonetics, linguistics and so on. He counted as one of the pioneering linguists to claim that aphasia study is a linguistic topic. He was one of the few linguists to become honorable member of Academy of Aphasia. This paper starts with a brief introduction of his remarkable life and focused later on his studies on aphasia. Tracing his life works in the historical framework is helpful in clarifying his views on aphasia and in a broader sense on neurolinguistics. Generally honored as ”the Piccasso in Linguistics”, his role as pioneer in the interdisciplinary integration of linguistics and patholinguistics in the modern history of neurolinguistics is worth our attention.

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1. 周敏華(2008)。隱喻及轉喻的重寫：從雅可布森的失語症分類到拉岡的無意識圖示。中山人文學報，25，151-173。