「小說林」短篇小說試析

Analysis of the Short Stories from the Woods of Fiction

10.29933/SHSS.200508.0001

紀俊龍

晚清 ； 小說林 ； 短篇小說 ； 徐念慈 ； 黃摩西 ； Late Qing period ； the Woods of Fiction ； short stories ； Xu Nienci ； Hunag Moxi

弘光人文社會學報

3期（2005 / 08 / 01）

1 - 48

繁體中文

「晚清」是中國歷史上變動最劇烈的時期，無論政治軍事或社會經濟等各層面領域，皆產生了重大轉變。以文學界而言，自1902年梁啟超提倡「小說界革命」以降，小說這一文體便成了振衰起蔽、救亡圖存的「新民」工具。小說不但脫落了以往「叢殘小語」式的街談巷語、道聽塗說，更一躍成為救國救民的維新利器，充分展現與中國傳統迥然相異的全新面貌。因此，本文以晚清四大期刊之一的《小說林》為主要對象，探討其刊載的短篇小說，與當時中國社會緊密聯繫的現象。在分析的過程中，除了分述《小說林》的刊行歷程與發行旨趣的說明之外，更爬梳其刊載之短篇小說的內容題材與表現手法的釐析，還原小說所呈現的晚清圖像。同時參酌法國社會學家布爾迪厄（Pierre Bourdieu，1930-2002）「場域」（champs）的概念，藉由各種「資本」（capital）的累積與置換，說明文學場域與社會場域間的濡染滲透，以觀照《小說林》短篇小說與社會的關聯脈絡，呈現小說創作與社會運作之間的相互呼應。

Late Qing period is an age of turmoil in Chinese history and changes occurred in almost every aspects of society. In literary scene, ever since Liang Ch'i-ch'ao launched the so-called ”revolution in the field of fiction”(小說界革命), the genre of fiction has become an important channel for ”renewing the people” and an instrument for advocating the political agenda. Fiction was no longer the traditional literary genre seen only as fragmentary, trivial, or insignificant, but instead became the best vehicle for political and social reformations and accordingly acquired the highest status in the literary hierarchy. This article focuses on Xiaoshuo lin(小說林), one of the four fiction magazines at Late Qing period, and looks into how the short stories are closely related to the society at the time. Besides an analysis of the purpose and the publishing history of the magazine, this article also investigates the contents of the stories as well as the technique employed by the authors, with an aim to recapture the picture of the late Qing historical reality. In order to fulfill this aim, the concept of ”champs,” put forth by the French social thinker Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002), is employed to explain how the literary sphere and social spheres interacted in the Late Qing period through the accumulation and exchange of the various ”capitals.” In the final analysis, an understanding and grasp of the relation between short stories (literary creation) and society (social mechanism) as presented by the short stories in Xiaohuo lin can be attained.