英文摘要
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It is rarely that before the UNESCO (the United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organization) adopted the International Convention (the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage), Japan and Korea have already proposed on the concept of the Intangible Cultural Heritage and the national protection regulations, which have certainly influence on the formation of the Convention. Japan and Korea have similar the sources of law, but have developed quite different administrative systems. For exploring about the generation and social operation of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, this research analyzes and compares with the background and process about the establishment of their national systems, especially focusing on the knowledge and social background at the same period of this system construction. By means of reorganizing the context of history and society, this research will point out the establishment and operation of the national protection regulations of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in Japan and Korea which are closely with the knowledge of the folklore and social background; meanwhile are the result from the knowledge, society and the culture asset of the symbolic meanings running, adjusting and co-constructing mutually. Japan has formulated the two protecting systems about the Intangible Cultural Asset and the Folk Cultural Asset which the former accentuate that artistry and history while the latter historical and scholarly. It is, nevertheless, that intangible folk activities to enter the system of the culture asset, which is related with the society treating the meaning and the added value of the identification of the cultural asset. In contrast, Korea has integrated the traditional art and folklore into a single system of the Intangible Cultural Asset, in the meantime it is also associated to its folklore knowledge and its expectation on the social influence of construction of the cultural asset. Korea supposed the Intangible Cultural Asset system to create a symbol of the national culture, therefore the representative form is more important than the actual culture. The atmosphere of the times still has affected on the folklore and the belief of reconstructing the historical authenticity becomes the basis of the deep involvement of the Korean folklore scholars.
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