高低特質焦慮者在競爭與非競爭籃球運動後狀態焦慮變化之研究

State Anxiety Following Basketball Activity: The Role of Trait Anxiety and Competitive Situation

10.6497/BSEPT.20050501_(6).0005

王人生(Jen-Sen Wang)；黃崇儒(Chung-Ju Huang)；陳錦偉(Chin-Wei Chen)

情緒 ； 狀態特質焦慮量表 ； 運動強度自覺量表 ； emotion ； State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ； ratings of perceived exertion

臺灣運動心理學報

6期（2005 / 05 / 01）

101 - 121

繁體中文

本研究旨在探討競爭情境和特質焦慮對參與籃球運動後狀態焦慮變化的影響，參與者為48名選修籃球課的大學男生，平均年齡20.2歲，球齡平均為5.1年，每週從事籃球運動至少兩次，分別要在有競爭性與無競爭性的情境中參與籃球活動40分鐘。實驗進行前一週，填寫特質焦慮量表以區分高低特質焦慮者，並將不同焦慮水準者平均分配在兩種不同活動情境。在運動前、運動後5分鐘、10分鐘、20分鐘與30分鐘之五個時間點施測狀態焦慮量表，運動結束時立即填寫運動強度自覺量表(RPE)。本研究為2（特質焦慮）×2（競爭情境）×5（時間點）之三因子混和設計，以自覺運動強度為控制變項，採三因子共變數分析。結果發現高特質焦慮組在各時間點的平均狀態焦慮水準均高於低特質焦慮組，特質焦慮程度會影響運動後的狀態焦慮水準，相較於低特質焦慮者，高特質焦慮者在各個情境中都維持較高狀態焦慮。此外，競爭情境與測量時間點存在交互作用，競爭情境組在運動後的狀態焦慮逐漸下降，且在各個時間點都有低於非競爭情境組的傾向。本研究發現運動情境可能影響運動後焦慮降低的效果，運動情境若變化較大且具某種程度的競爭性，運動後會有焦慮降低的傾向，若是情境較無變化，運動後的狀態焦慮可能會上升，這可能與參與者在活動過程中感受到的刺激感與愉悅感有關，值得深入探討。

The present investigation examined the state anxiety responses to acute basketball activity. College age men (n=48) currently enrolled in a basketball class were recruited to participate. Participants were assigned to high trait-anxiety /competitive, low trait-anxiety /competitive, high trait-anxiety non-competitive, and low trait-anxiety non-competitive groups according to their State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait score, as well as the prescribed condition they performed. Assessments of state anxiety were obtained prior to as well as 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes following each condition. Additionally, ratings of perceived exertion were assessed immediately following each basketball exercise condition. 2 (Trait Anxiety) 2 (Competitive Situation)×5 (Time) ANCOVA revealed a significant main effect for Trait Anxiety and a significant interaction for Competitive Situation × Time both. Post hoc analyses demonstrated that state anxiety of high trait-anxiety group was higher than that of low trait-anxiety group following basketball exercise. The effect of predisposition on state anxiety following exercise seemed to be greater than that of exercise on state anxiety. The results also indicated that reductions in state anxiety were observed following competitive basketball activity. State anxiety level of competitive group was lower than that of non-competitive group on each measured time following activity. The reductions of state anxiety might depend on the positive emotion individual perceived during exercise processes. It is concluded that the state anxiety responses to acute basketball activity are influenced by trait anxiety level and the situational condition individual participated.

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