應用自我決定理論探討大學生十二個月的運動行爲改變

Applying the Self-Determination Theory to Examine the Exercise Behavior Change of College Students within Twelve Months

10.6497/BSEPT.20071101_(11).0005

張志成(Chiu-Chen Chang)

運動階段改變模式 ； 整合調節 ； 認同調節 ； 內射調節 ； 外在調節 ； patterns of behaviour change for exercise ； intrinsic regulation ； identified regulation ； introjected regulation ； external regulation

臺灣運動心理學報

11期（2007 / 11 / 01）

67 - 81

繁體中文

目的：以自我決定變項了解階段前進轉而維持不改變、維持不改變轉而前進改變存在的模式，以及不同改變模式在自我決定變項差異情形。方法：採縱貫調查法進行，以完成十二個月三次運動階段評量共219位大學生爲研究對象（平均年齡19.31±3.47歲）。利用當面發放方式收集運動階段、自我決定變項資料後，以兩階段集群分析及變異數分析進行資料分析。結果：自我決定可將「前進→維持」及「維持→前進」劃分成四組改變模式，「前進→維持」模式在轉變歷程比「維持→前進」模式有較高整合、認同調節，「維持→前進」模式則比「前進→維持」模式有較高外在調節。結論：自我決定感愈低，階段會維持不改變，自我決定感愈高，愈有利於階段前進改變，並可讓行爲維持於規律狀態、建議大學生在規律行爲養成過程中，應利用整合、認同調節增加行爲控制感及勝任感，並避免使用外在調節做爲行爲改變動力。

Purpose: Applying the self-determination variables to understand the patterns of behaviour change for exercise from progression to retention and retention to progression for stage transition, and compared the difference among the pattern s of behaviour change for exercise in self-determination variables. Method: This longitudinal study required the respondents who completed three times of exercise assessment in a period of 12 months this study conducted. The 219 college students (average age 19.31±3.47 years old) in total participated for assessing their exercise behaviour change. The collected data were analyzed by the two-stage clustering approach and one-way MANOVA. Results: The behaviour exercise change can be divided into four pattern's utilizing self-determination variables. The ”progression→retention” patterns showed a higher integration and identified regulation than ”retention→progression” patterns. The ”retention→progression” patterns showed a higher external regulation than ”progression→retention” patterns. Conclusions: The lower level of self-determined can not stimulate the exercise behaviour to change, and a higher level of self-determination can accelerate the change of exercise behaviour and maintain in regular. This study suggested that university students ought to utilize the integration and identified regulation during the stage of exercise behavior change, and avoiding external regulation change their exercise behavior.

1. 蔡守浦、張志成、高群超、周靈山(2005)。自我決定對運動階段的區別分析。大專體育學刊，7(2)，87-99。
   連結：
2. Buckworth, J.,Dishman, R.(2001).Exercise psychology.Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics.
3. Buckworth, J.,Nigg, C.(2004).Physical activity, exercise, and sedentary behavior in college students.Journal of American College Health,53,28-34.
4. Cardinal, B. K.,Tuominen, K. J.,Rintala, P.(2004).Cross-cultural comparison of American and Finnish college students` exercise behavior using transtheoretical model constructs.Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,75,92-101.
5. Cox, K. L.,Gorely, T. J.,Puddey, I. B.,Burke, V.,Beilin, L. J.(2003).Exercise behaviour change in 40 to 65-year-old women: The SWEAT study (Sedentary Women Exercise Adherence Trial).British Journal of Health Psychology,8,477-495.
6. Dannecker, E. A.,Hausenblas, H. A.,Connaughton, D, P.,Lovins, T. R.(2003).Validation of a stage of exercise change questionnaire.Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,74,236-247.
7. Gorely, T.,Bruce, D.(2000).A 6-month investigation of exercise adoption from the contemplation model.Psychology of Sport and Exercise,1,89-101.
8. Guillot, A.,Kilpatrick, M.,Hebert, E.,Holladner, D.(2004).Applying the transtheoretical model to exercise adherence in clinical setting.American Journal of Health Study,19,1-10.
9. Hair, J.,Anderson, R.,Tatham, R.,Black, W.(1998).Multivariate Data Analysis.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice.
10. Landry, J. B.,Solmon, M. A.(2002).Self-determination theory as an organizing framework to investigate women`s physical activity behavior.Quest,54,332-354.
11. Marcus, B. H.,Rossi, J. S.,Selby, V. C.,Niaura, R. S.,Abram, D. B.(1992).The stages and processes of exercise adoption and maintenance in a worksite sample.Health Psychology,11,386-395.
12. Marshall, S. J.,Biddle, S. J. H.(2001).The transtheoretical model of behavior change: A meta-analysis of applications to physical activity and exercise.Annals of Behavioral Medicine,23,29-246.
13. Mullan, E.,Markland, D.(1997).Variations in self-determination across the stages of change for exercise in adults.Motivation and Emotion,21,349-362.
14. Mullan, E.,Markland, D.,Ingledew, D. K.(1997).A graded conceptualization of self- determination in the regulation of exercise behaviour: Development of measure using confirmatory factor analytic procedures.Personality and Individual Differences,23,745-752.
15. Plotnikoff, R. C.,Hotz, S. B.,Birkett, N. J.,Courneya, K. S.(2001).Exercise and the trans- theoretical model: A longitudinal test of a population sample.Preventive Medicine,33,441-452.
16. Prapavessis, H.,Maddison, R.,Brading, F.(2004).Understanding exercise behavior among New Zealand adolescents: A test of the transtheorctical model.Journal of Adolescent Health,35,17-27.
17. Purdie, N.,McCrindle, A.(2002).Self-regulation, self-efficacy, and health behavior change in older adults.Educational Gerontology,28,379-400.
18. Rose, E.,Parfitt, G.,Williams, S.(2005).Exercise causality orientations, behavioural regulation for exercise and stage of change for exercise: Exploring their relationships.Psychology of Sport and Exercise,6,399-414.
19. Ryan, R. M.,Connell, J. P.(1989).Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining reasons for acting in two domains.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,57,749-761.
20. Ryan, R. M.,Deci, E. L.(2000).Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being.American Psychologist,55,68-78.
21. Vallerand, R. J.,G. C. Robert (Ed.)(2001).Advance in motivation in sport and exercise.Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics.
22. 林旭龍(2000)。博士論文(博士論文)。臺北市，國立臺灣師範大學。
23. 林岱樺(2003)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺中市，中山醫學大學。
24. 張志成、高群超、王士仁、蔡守浦(2006)。2006年台灣體育運動與健康休閒發展趨勢研討會報告書。嘉義縣:吳鳳技術學院。

1. 許育光,刑志彬(2020)。台灣運動心理學研究回顧：主題焦點與年代趨勢之社會網絡分析。中華心理學刊，62(2)，299-320。
2. 張清源(2010)。大學生參與健身運動的行為及影響因素：以校園健身中心為例。大專體育學刊，12(1)，65-73。
3. 張志成(2010)。大學生行為調節與運動階段改變之關係。大專體育學刊，12(1)，53-63。