從知覺與行動配連審視攔截行動的知覺判斷：以任務、情境、及配連程度為標的

Using Perception-Action Coupling to Investigate Perceptual Judgment of Interceptive Actions: Tasks, Conditions, and Coupling Levels as Targets

10.6497/BSEPT2014.1401.02

湯鳴遠(Ming-Yuan Tang)；楊梓楣(Chih-Mei Yang)

生態心理學 ； 環境賦使 ； 直接知覺 ； ecological psychology ； affordances ； direct perception

臺灣運動心理學報

14卷1期（2014 / 05 / 01）

25 - 34

繁體中文

Gibson（1979）提出生態心理學之知覺與行動配連觀點指出，已存在的環境配當是特定不變的，經由生物體與環境互動，生物體能從豐沛的環境中直接擷取訊息，並做出適配行動。本文綜整攔截行動文獻於任務、情境、及配連程度之典範來驗證知覺與行動配連觀點。首先在任務方面有接或伸攔截飛球、接網球發球、和打擊不同投球種類及位置；再者，實驗情境主要分為實際情境和虛擬實境；最後，高相關的知覺與行動配連包括4種任務：移動接飛球、回擊狀態回接網球發球、揮擊方式判斷投球種類、和全身移動並拿球板打擊投球位置；而低相關的知覺與行動配連則有：站立接球、口語回答發球方向、和按按鈕來對應投球種類，上述結果雖發現，高相關的知覺與行動配連相較於低相關的知覺與行動配連對於準確地接球和判斷來球方向，與適時地攔截和揮擊都有較佳的準確性及攔截和揮擊時宜，但也有部分研究使用虛擬實境為刺激源或受外在變項的影響，造成不支持假說的情形。本文探討攔截行動的知覺與行動配連文獻發現，高相關的知覺與行動配連會調整並幫助生物體偵測或擷取適合的知覺訊息，並支持賦使的知覺是仰賴行動來提供足夠的訊息，而非物理屬性的幾何學或身體肢段的尺度來進行知覺與行動配連的行為。

The perception-action coupling perspective in ecological psychology proposed by Gibson (1979) pointed out that existing layout of the environment is specific and invariant. The environment information allows organisms to perform proper actions by the interaction between themselves and the environment. This study collected relative articles of interceptive actions to examine paradigms of perception-action coupling in tasks, conditions, and coupling levels. First part on the basis of tasks involved catching or reaching to intercept a fly ball, service return of tennis, and striking. Second, researchers mainly divided experimental conditions as real and virtual conditions. We also reviewed 4 tasks relating to the coupling levels in the high relative perception-action couplings: (1) moving and real intercepting a fly ball. (2) the dynamic state of service return of tennis. (3) striking to judge pitching types, and (4) moving whole body and holding the bat to strike. On the other hand, the low relative perception-action couplings encompassed catching of standing, responding directions of service by oral, and pushing the button to judge different sorts of pitch. According to the review, it discovered that high relative perception-action coupling had better accuracy and timing of catching, judging, intercepting, and striking than low relative perception-action coupling; however, because of the effects of virtual reality or external variables, parts of research did not support the hypothesis. The articles of perception-action couplings of interceptive actions revealed that high relative perception-action coupling could help organism to adapt, detect, and pick up suitable perceptual information. The perception of affordances depends on actions to provide enough information to facilitate perception-action coupling. Physical geometry or body scale is not critical to promote organisms' perception and action.

1. 郭丁良、楊梓楣(2010)。棒球揮擊時宜與球種判斷準確性之知覺─行動配連。體育學報，43，79-90。
   連結：
2. Bootsma, R. J.(1989).Accuracy of perceptual processes subserving different perception-action systems.The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,41,489-500.
3. Cañal-Bruland, R.,van der Kamp, J.,van Kesteren, J.(2010).An examination of motor and perceptual contributions to the recognition of deception from others' actions.Human Movement Science,29,94-102.
4. Cruz-Neira, C.,Sandin, D. J.,DeFanti, T. A.,Kenyon, R. V.,Hart, J. C.(1992).The CAVE: Audio visual experience automatic virtual environment.Communications of the ACM,35,64-72.
5. Dessing, J. C.,Peper, C. L. E.,Beek, P. J.(2004).A comparison of real catching with catching using stereoscopic visual displays.Ecological Psychology,16,1-21.
6. Farrow, D.,Abernethy, B.(2003).Do expertise and the degree of perception-action coupling affect natural anticipatory performance?.Perception,32,1127-1139.
7. Gibson, J. J.(1979).The ecological approach to visual perception.Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
8. Mann, D. L.,Abernethy, B.,Farrow, D.(2010).Action specificity increases anticipatory performance and the expert advantage in natural interceptive tasks.Acta Psychologica,135,17-23.
9. Marey, E. J.(1972).Movement.New York:Arno Press.
10. Oudejans, R. R. D.,Michaels, C. F.,Bakker, F. C.,Dolne, M. A.(1996).The relevance of action in perceiving affordances: Perception of catchableness of fly balls.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,22,879-891.
11. Pepping, C. J.,Li, F. X.(2005).Effects of response task on reaction time and the detection of affordances.Motor Control,9,129-143.
12. Ranganathan, R.,Carlton, L. G.(2007).Perception-action coupling and anticipatory performance in baseball batting.Journal of Motor Behavior,39,369-380.
13. Solso, R. L.(Ed.),Massaro, D. W.(Ed.)(1995).The science of the mind: 2001 and beyond.New York:Oxford University Press.
14. Travassos, B.,Araújo, D.,Davids, K.,Vilar, L.,Esteves, P.,Vanda, C.(2012).Informational constraints shape emergent functional behaviours during performance of interceptive actions in team sports.Psychology of Sport and Exercise,13,216-223.
15. Williams, A. M.,Davids, K.,Burwitz, L.,Williams, J. G.(1992).Perception and action in sport.Journal of Human Movement Studies,22,147-204.
16. 湯鳴遠(2011)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。高雄，臺灣，國立高雄師範大學。
17. 黎明文化編(2001)。王陽明傳習錄附大學問。臺北市:黎明文化。