健身運動對執行功能的影響：威斯康辛卡片分類測驗的視角

Effect of Exercise on Executive Function: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Perspective

10.6497/BSEPT2015.1502.06

王俊智(Chun-ChihWang)；吳聰義(Tsung-YiWu)；吳治翰(Chih-HanWu)；張育愷(Yu-Kai Chang)

威斯康辛卡片分類測驗 ； 健身運動 ； 認知 ； 執行功能 ； cognition ； executive function ； exercise ； Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

臺灣運動心理學報

15卷2期（2015 / 11 / 01）

107 - 126

繁體中文

健身運動對認知功能的影響是當代研究非常熱門的議題。實證研究或統合分析多顯示，慢性或急性健身運動對認知功能的正面效益。研究更進一步指出，健身運動對於執行功能之效果尤佳。然而，過去在執行功能量測的擇選上有所侷限，而研究者呼籲採用神經心理測量的可能性。為進一步瞭解健身運動對執行功能的影響，本文以威斯康辛卡片分類測驗為視角，並聚焦於威斯康辛卡片分類測驗的簡介、威斯康辛卡片分類測驗與執行功能在認知神經科學的相關研究，以及健身運動與威斯康辛卡片分類測驗表現之相關研究進行回顧。結果顯示，前額葉在威斯康辛卡片分類測驗的表現扮演著重要的角色，尤其是在背外側前額葉。此外，雖然採用威斯康辛卡片分類測驗的研究仍屬少數，近幾年已有將神經心理測量應用在健身運動與執行功能的研究，而多數研究皆呈現健身運動對WCST表現有其正向影響。未來研究可將威斯康辛卡片分類測驗應用於探討不同劑量之健身運動與執行功能之議題，並可結合神經造影分析。此外，健身運動亦可應用於與執行功能衰退有關之疾病，作為臨床病患促進心理健康的途徑。

Emerging studies have examining the effects of exercise on cognitive function. Empirical studies and meta-analytic reviews have indicated that both chronic and acute exercise benefit cognitive function, with that executive function has greater facilitation. Nevertheless, the measurements of executive function have been limited and researchers have called for caution to employ more neuropsychological measurement in exercise and cognition field. The purpose of the present study is to examine the exercise effect on executive function from Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) perspective by reviewing the introduction of WCST, the findings regarding to WCST and executive function in neuropsychological field, and the exercise effect on WCST performance. The results revealed that the prefrontal cortex play a crucial role during administrating WCST, especially the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Although WCST studies associated with exercise and executive function is only recently examined, majority of these studies revealed the positive exercise effect on WCST. The findings suggested that future research could explore dose-response relationship of exercise on executive function using WCST and neuroimaging technique. In addition, future research could also examine the effects of exercise on executive function in population with disease related to cognitive decline in order to identify the role of exercise treatment on psychological health.

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