健身運動對記憶相關認知功能之影響

Effects of exercise on memory related cognitive function

10.6497/BSEPT2016.1602.04

楊文中(Wen-Chung Yang)；陳豐慈(Feng-Tzu Chen)；吳聰義(Tsung-Yi Wu)；陳麗華(Lee-Hwa Chen)；張育愷(Yu-Kai Chang)

急性健身運動 ； 長期健身運動 ； 短期記憶 ； 長期記憶 ； 工作記憶 ； acute exercise ； chronic exercise ； short-term memory ； long-term memory ； working memory

臺灣運動心理學報

16卷2期（2016 / 11 / 01）

57 - 83

繁體中文

過去研究已發現健身運動對認知功能的正面影響，並發現健身運動對於特定認知功能如執行功能有更佳之效益。然而，相對於其他認知功能類別如記憶之探討仍較鮮少且侷限。本文旨在回顧健身運動與記憶之相關研究，並以記憶的定義、記憶與海馬迴腦區之關聯，以及長期與急性健身運動在記憶之相關研究等主題進行探討。經文獻回顧後發現，記憶可區分為短期記憶、長期記憶，及工作記憶等類別；在記憶測量方面，研究在使用情況則較分散。另回顧亦發現，長期健身運動在孩童、成人、老人，及特殊族群之記憶有其正面之效益。該效益不僅在行為表現上看出端倪，且在神經電生理或生物機制上得到正面支持。然而急性健身運動對記憶之研究結果則較不一致，這可能受到記憶種類不同之影響有關。有鑑於目前健身運動對記憶之相關研究仍有許多問題待釐清，因此本文建議未來可朝核磁共振造影或事件關聯電位等儀器、在單一研究使用多種記憶測驗、聚焦在孩童與老年族群、探討有關認知延續時間之議題，以及研究需採用使用率較高之記憶測驗進行後續研究之探討。

Previous studies indicated that exercise has a positive and specific impact on cognitive functions, particularly for executive function. However, studies focusing on the memory aspects related executive function were limited compared with other cognitive aspects. The purpose of this literature reviewed relevant studies exploring the relationship between exercise and memory, which the context included the definitions of memory, the relations between memory and the hippocampus cortex, and the issue related to the effects of chronic and acute exercise on memory. This literature showed that memory can be divided into short-term memory, long-term memory, and working memory. In addition, the review found a positive effect of chronic exercise on memory across life spans. Not only are there found positive effects impacting cognitive behavior performance, but also neuroelectronic and bio-mechanical approaches support these results. In the terms of the relationship between acute exercise and memory, the possible reasons leading to inconsistent results were because of neglecting the specific memory tasks. Finally, there are several unsolved problems remaining, so the present literature suggests that future investigations use MRI and ERP approaches in order to combine two or more tasks into a single research, and to focus on populations of children or adults, so as to explore the unexamined issues about cognitive sustained time, and to adopt memory tasks that are highly frequent used when examining memory abilities.

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