華人教練–選手關係量表之編製

Development of the Chinese Coach-Athlete Relationship Inventory

10.6497/BSEPT2017.1701.03

陳益祥(Yi-Hsiang Chen)

心理計量 ； 本土化 ； 文化差異 ； 領導 ； psychological metrics ； localization ； cultural differences ； leadership

臺灣運動心理學報

17卷1期（2017 / 05 / 01）

39 - 57

繁體中文

目的：本研究目的為編製具有信度與效度的華人教練-選手關係量表。方法：第一階段以陳益祥 (2012) 的質性研究結果為基礎，發展出華人教練-選手關係之題項初稿，以高中及大專甲組運動代表隊選手為施測對象，蒐集的資料以探索性因素分析處理量表的因素結構、題目鑑別度與內部一致性。第二階段再以不同樣本利用驗證性因素分析進行量表的信度及效度檢驗。結果：華人教練-選手關係量表共有三個因素，分別是自發性感情6 題、工具性關係5 題、人情4 題，共計15 題，累積解釋變異量為69.16%，並具有不錯的內部一致性。在測量模式與觀察資料之間適配度時顯示可接受的整體適配度、及良好的構念效度、聚斂效度、區別效度及信度。結論：經過檢驗之後，華人教練-選手關係量表是在測量本土教練-選手關係時一個值得利用的工具。

Purpose: This study was to develop and validate a self-report instrument that measures the nature of Chinese coach-athlete relationship. Method: The first stage was to develop inventory items based on the qualitative research on Chinese coach-athlete relationship (Chen, 2012). Athletes from high school and collegiate team Division I were participated. The collected data was analyzed with the exploratory factory analysis to test the factorial structure, item discrimination, and internal consistency of the inventory. Further, the second stage used different participants to test the reliability and validity of the inventory by conducting the confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The results showed a three-factor Chinese Coach-Athlete Inventory with 15 items, named spontaneous emotion, instrumental quanxi, and proper zen-ching. These three factors could account for 69.16% of total explained variance, and the coefficients of internal reliability for the three subscales ranged from .86 to .90. Meanwhile, the index of overall model was found to be good overall fit, included construct reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the Chinese Coach-Athlete Inventory can be a useful instrument for measuring the coach-athlete relationship within the Chinese context.

1. 王清欉(2014)。運動熱情、教練─選手關係對大學棒球選手心理堅韌性之預測。臺灣運動心理學報，14(2)，33-49。
   連結：
2. 周麗芳(2002)。華人組織中的關係與社會網絡。本土心理學研究，18，175-228。
   連結：
3. 陳律伶、季力康(2014)。大專運動員知覺教練─選手關係對衝突處理型態之預測。運動教練科學，36，25-36。
   連結：
4. 陳益祥(2012)。華人教練選手關係之質性研究。臺灣運動心理學報，12(2)，19-36。
   連結：
5. 黃懿慧(2002)。關係取向理模式初探：組織與利益關係人關係之探討。本土心理學研究，18，95-172。
   連結：
6. 楊中芳(1999)。人際關係與人際情感的構念化。本土心理學研究，12，105-179。
   連結：
7. Hu, H. C. (1949). Emotions, real and assumed, in Chinese society. New York: Institute for Intercultural Studies, Columbia University.
8. 費孝通 (1948)。鄉土中國與鄉土重建。上海：觀察社。
9. Bagozzi, R. P.,Yi, Y.(1988).On the evaluation of Structural equation models.Academic of Marketing Science,16,74-94.
10. Bentler, P. M.(1990).Comparative fit indices in structural models.Psychological Bulletin,107,238-246.
11. Bentler, P. M.,Wu, E. J. C.(1993).EQS/Windows user's guide.Los Angeles:BMDP Statistical Software.
12. Bollen, K. A.(Ed.),Long, J. S.(Ed.)(1993).Testing structural equation models.Newbery Park, CA:Sage.
13. Erickson, K.,Côté, J.(2016).A season-long examination of the intervention tone of coach-athlete interactions and athlete development in youth sport.Psychology of Sport and Exercise,22,264-272.
14. Hair, J. F.,Black, W. C.,Babin, B. J.,Anderson, R. E.,Tatham, R. L.(2006).Multivariate data analysis.Upper Saddle River, NJ:Prentice Hall.
15. Hinde, R. A.(1997).Relationships: A dialectical perspective.London:Psychology Press.
16. Ho, D. Y. F.(1998).Interpersonal relationships and relationship dominance: An analysis based on methodological relationalism.Asian Journal of Social Psychology,1,1-16.
17. Hwang, K. K.(2000).Chinese relationalism: Theoretical construction and methodological considerations.Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior,30,155-178.
18. Jöreskog, K. G.,Sörbom, D.(1989).LISREL 7: A guide to the program and applications.Chicago, IL:Scientific Software.
19. Jowett, S.(Ed.),Lavallee, D.(Ed.)(2007).Social psychology in sport.Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics.
20. Jowett, S.,Meek, G. A.(2000).The coach-athlete relationship in married couples: An exploratory content analysis.The Sport Psychologist,14,157-175.
21. Jowett, S.,Ntoumanis, N.(2004).The Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q): Development and initial validation.Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports,14,245-257.
22. Kaiser, H. F.(1974).An index of factorial simplicity.Psychometrika,39,31-36.
23. Philippe, R. A.,Seiler, R.(2006).Closeness, co-orientation and complementarity in coach-athlete relationships: What male swimmers say about their male coaches.Psychology of Sport and Exercise,7,159-171.
24. Riemer, H. A.,Chelladurai, P.(1998).Leadership and satisfaction in athletics.Journal of Sport Psychology,17,276-293.
25. Singer, R. N.(Ed.),Murphy, M.(Ed.),Tennant, L. K.(Ed.)(1993).Handbook of research on sport psychology.New York:Macmillan.
26. Torkzadeh, G.,Koufteros, X.,Pflughoeft, K.(2003).Confirmatory analysis of computer self-efficacy.Structural Equation Modeling,10,263-275.
27. Xin, K. R.,Pearce, J. L.(1996).Guanxi: Connections as substitutes for structural support.Academy of Management Journal,36,1641-1658.
28. 季力康、陳思羽、葉允棋、江衍宏(2013)。中文版教練─選手關係量表之編製。大專體育學刋，15(4)，429-438。
29. 陳益祥、林清和(2011)。華人教練─選手關係互動模式之發展。國北教大體育，5，3-17。
30. 黃光國編(1989)。中國人的權力遊戲。台北市:巨流。
31. 黃芳銘(2004)。社會科學統計方法學：結構方程模式。台北:五南。
32. 楊國樞編、余安邦編(1992)。中國人的心理與行為─方法與理念篇。台北市:桂冠圖書。
33. 楊國樞編、黃光國編(1991)。中國人的心理與行為。台北市:桂冠圖書。
34. 鄭志富(1997)。運動教練領導行為研究取向。中華體育季刋，11(1)，22-31。

1. (2024)。教練行為對團隊凝聚力的影響：人際關係的中介作用。嘉大體育健康休閒期刊，23(1)，60-76。