運動心理資本量表之修訂以及對大學網球選手之應用

The revision of the Sport Psychological Capital Scale and its application to collegiate tennis players

10.6497/BSEPT.201805_18(1).0002

陳建瑋(Chien-Wei Chen)

自我效能 ； 希望感 ； 樂觀 ； 復原力 ； self-efficacy ； hope ； optimism ； resilience

臺灣運動心理學報

18卷1期（2018 / 05 / 01）

21 - 42

繁體中文

目的：以Luthans與Youssef(2004)的正向心理資本為理論架構，自我效能、希望感、樂觀與復原力在組織行為與運動表現中扮演著重要的角色，本研究的目的一為發展及驗證運動心理資本量表的因素結構、信度及效度；目的二為探討大學網球選手的運動心理資本、教練選手關係、運動表現與自我設限的關係。方法：探索性因素分析的參與者為不同專項之大學運動員306位(男生159人，女生147人；年齡21.18歲)；驗證性因素分析的參與者則為大學網球選手300位(男生115人，女生185人；年齡20.72歲)。結果：運動心理資本量表經過分析後，呈現出良好的信度與效度，可以應用到運動領域中。階層迴歸分析發現心理資本中的自我效能、復原力與希望可以正向預測運動表現；但教練選手關係的親密感、承諾感與互補性都無法單一預測運動表現；復原力、希望、承諾感與互補性可以負向預測自我設限。結論：教練可以利用本量表來了解選手的運動心理資本，以及幫助改善自我效能、希望感、樂觀及復原力，以利提升運動表現。

Purpose: According to the framework of Positive Psychological Capital by Luthans and Youssef in 2004, the factors including self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience play important roles in organizational behavior and sport performance. The first purpose of this study was to develop and validate the factor structure, reliability and validity for the Sport Psychological Capital. Secondly, this study examined the relationships among sport psychological capital, coach-athlete relationship, sport performance and self-handicapping. Method: Three hundred and six college athletes (159 males, 147 females; mean age = 21.18 years) participated in the stage for exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Three hundred college tennis players (115 males, 185 females; mean age = 20.72 years) participated in the following stage for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: The results of both EFA and CFA analyses showed satisfactory reliability and validity for the Sport Psychological Capital Scale. Furthermore, the hierarchical regression indicated that the self-efficacy, resilience, and hope of psychological capital could positively predict sport performance, instead of coach-athlete relationships including closeness, commitment, and complementarity. Self-handicapping could be negatively predicted by resilience, hope, commitment, and complementarity. Conclusion: It suggests that the Sport Psychological Capital Scale can be used by coaches to understand the levels of sport psychological capital of their players. Then, coaches can attempt to improve athletes' psychological capital for the enhancement of sport performance.

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