以腦波視角探討流暢經驗與精準性運動表現之關係

Flow experience and performance in precision sports: An electroencephalographic perspective

10.6497/BSEPT.201811_18(2).0004

王國鑌(Kuo-Pin Wang)；陳泰廷(Tai-Ting Chen)；洪聰敏(Tsung-Ming Hung)

mu節律 ； theta節律 ； 感覺動作網絡 ； mu rhythm ； theta rhythm ； sensory-motor network

臺灣運動心理學報

18卷2期（2018 / 11 / 01）

57 - 76

繁體中文

成功運動表現時常伴隨著流暢經驗，複合動作計畫模型（multi-action plan model, MAP）結合雙歷程理論（dual-process theories）可利用來探討精準性運動（射擊、高爾夫球推桿）流暢經驗的訊息處理歷程，包含最佳/自動化表現與最佳/控制表現兩個層面，而此模型並無法有效的立即性提供類似流暢經驗的訊息處理之特徵，腦波量測可以彌補這個不足。過去腦波研究探討專家成功表現時，所推論的心理歷程與流暢經驗有許多相似之處。如依據作業的需求，專家能夠有效處理訊息，呈現出彈性且效率化的權衡，產生較適切的身體感知覺。在注意力層面上，專家能夠有效減少與作業無關的外在訊息線索的涉入、排除過多的口語分析干擾、產生趨近自動化的行動-意識狀態；但這些研究並未同時測量主觀的流暢經驗。本文從流暢經驗的心理特徵、MAP模型的角度來描述射擊與高爾夫球推桿在類似流暢狀態時的訊息處理歷程，進而將此兩者類似流暢狀態的腦波活動指標與狀態進行結合，了解其背後的訊息處理機制與類似流暢狀態的關係，提供未來研究方向的建議。

Successful performance is often accompanied by flow experiences in sports. The idiosyncratic framework of the multi-action plan (MAP) model, which integrates the flow experience concept and dual-process theory, has been proposed to investigate different information processing modes in optimal-automated and optimal-controlled performances. It could identify different types of motor skills in precision sports (e.g., shooting, golf putting) during flow-like information processes. Moreover, the information processes could be further clarified by electroencephalographic (EEG) techniques, which provide high temporal resolution during the motor preparatory period in successful performance. Research has shown that the ＂flexibility/efficiency＂ trade-off is applied to achieve effective information processing, such as the sensory domain involving the adaptive sensorimotor information processing and the attention domain involving the suppression of task-irrelevant cue in cognitive processes, the suppression of verbal-analytical process, and the automatic-action states in human brain. Furthermore, the EEGs can be helpful for researchers to understand the relationships between mental states of experts' successful performance and flow-like responses in the MAP model. Hence, the literature review herein suggests directions for future research to examine how the EEG readings correspond with flow-like mental states in successful performance.

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