注意力焦點選擇與高爾夫推桿表現之關係

Self-selected attentional focus and skilled golf putting performance

10.6497/BSEPT.201911_19(2).0004

張文宣(Wen-Hsuan Chang)；陳泰廷(Tai-Ting Chen)；王國鑌(Kuo-Pin Wang)；洪聰敏(Tsung-Min Hung)

業餘 ； 腦波 ； 身體意識 ； 視覺空間注意力 ； amateur ； EEG ； somaesthetic awareness ； visuo-spatial attention

臺灣運動心理學報

19卷2期（2019 / 11 / 01）

59 - 74

繁體中文

注意力焦點對於動作表現的影響在過去研究中存在理論衝突與研究結果不一致，鮮少研究是以客觀方式紀錄注意力動態變化的歷程。目的：本研究是探討自我選擇注意力焦點與推桿表現之間的關係，同時透過與身體意識有關的腦波指標mu節律及與視覺空間注意力相關的T4 alpha功率來了解注意力歷程的變化。方法：以32名慣用右手的業餘高爾夫選手為參與者，進行60次3公尺的推桿，配戴腦波儀器收集推桿前兩秒的腦波資料，並記錄每次推桿所使用的注意力焦點及量測球與洞口的距離。結果：參與者偏好使用外在注意力焦點進行推桿，但不論是進洞率或絕對誤差，使用內在或外在注意力焦點之情境間皆無差異；腦波指標也顯示，不論是使用內在或外在注意力焦點，mu節律及T4 alpha功率在越接近出手時皆呈現下降的趨勢。結論：業餘選手在自我選擇注意力焦點的情境下，使用內在或外在注意力焦點的推桿表現相同，顯示出表現與注意力焦點之關係可能會受到自我選擇與個人偏好因素的影響，未來研究需考量個人習慣或偏好的注意力焦點。此外，若要以mu節律及T4 alpha功率等腦波指標來代表內外在注意力焦點的使用，仍需尚待未來研究加以確認。

Previous studies regarding to the influences of preferences attentional focus on skilled putting performance showed competing hypotheses and inconsistent evidences, and rarely recorded the dynamic changing process of attentional focus objectively. Purpose: The present study aimed to discuss the association between self-selected attentional focus and putting performance in amateur golfers. This study focused on the attentional processes through the electroencephalographic (EEG) indicators including mu rhythm and T4 alpha power, which could be helpful to understand the underlying mechanisms of internal and external attentional processing. Method: Thirty-two right-handed amateur golfers performed 60 putting with a 3-meter distance while indicating the focus of attention they used in each putt, along with their EEG and putting performance recorded. Results: Participants preferred to putt by using an external focus, but no differences in putting performance and absolute error were observed between the internal and external focuses. Additionally, the results revealed decreases in mu rhythm and T4 alpha power before the golfers' movement execution regardless of the focus used. Conclusion: The amateur golfers show identical performance no matter using an internal or external attentional focus in a self-selected condition. This study suggests that self-selection and personal preferences might have impacts on the relationship between attentional focus and putting performance. Future study should take personal preference into consideration while investigating relevant issues. In terms of EEG indicators, using the mu rhythm and T4 alpha power to differentiate the internal or external focus processing should be cautious in future research.

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