游泳能力是否影響水域距離知覺？

Does swimming ability influence distance perception in water environment?

10.6497/BSEPT.202003_20(1).0004

黃嘉君(Chia-Chun Huang)

行動特定知覺 ； 知覺與行動 ； action-specific perception ； perception and action

臺灣運動心理學報

20卷1期（2020 / 03 / 31）

69 - 92

繁體中文

目的：本研究基於生態心理學以及行動特定知覺，探討游泳能力的差異與改變對水域距離知覺的影響。方法：共計74名大一體育課學生參與本研究。在實驗第一階段，依據課程將游泳能力分為0公尺、1-10公尺、11-24公尺、及25公尺以上等四組，參與者於水中、岸上判斷五個水面上目標物的距離（5m, 12m, 19m, 26m, 35m），以口語及對應方式表達知覺距離。另外，於操場進行陸上目標物的距離判斷。結果：本研究發現游泳能力效應未達顯著，與環境及距離也沒有交互作用。有42名參與者在隨班游泳課程後參與實驗第二階段，再次執行水域距離知覺（水中及岸上）實驗，分為進步與無進步組。結果發現游泳能力改變前與改變後的水域距離知覺沒有顯著差異。在不同環境中的距離知覺差異並沒有明確趨勢。結論：本研究認為游泳能力不會影響水域目標的知覺距離；游泳能力提升後，個體對水域目標的知覺距離不會改變；水域目標可及性判斷之正確率達到87.1-100%。

Purpose: Based on the perspective of ecological psychology and action-specific perception, this study investigates swimming ability difference and change effects on distance perception in waters. Methods: Seventy-four students in college PE class were recruited as participants. Participants were grouped by swimming abilities: 0 meter, 1-10 meters, 11-25 meters; over than 25 meters. In the first session, participants stood in swimming pool and sat on the shore, judge the distance of five targets (5m, 12m, 19m, 26m, 35m) on the water surface. Judgements were made with oral report and matching distance. In addition, land distance perception was made in athletic field. After a swimming course, 42 participants were separated to progress and non-progress groups and participated the second session of distance perception in waters. Results: The results showed that neither swimming ability main effect nor interaction with environment and distance were significant. Distance perception in waters before and after swimming ability change were not different significantly. The difference among distance perception in different environments was ambiguous. This issue needs further investigation. Conclusion: The findings indicate that distance perception in waters is not influenced by swimming ability. When swimming ability is improved, distance perception in waters is not changed. In addition, the accuracy of reachability perception in waters is 87.1-100%.

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