開放式運動對注意力缺陷過動症之效益：文獻回顧

Exploring the effects of open skill exercise in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A literature review

10.6497/BSEPT.202107_21(2).0004

張緯(Wei Zhang)；趙曉涵(Hsiao-Han Chao)；洪巧菱(Chiao-Ling Hung)

開放式運動 ； 認知功能 ； ADHD ； open skill exercise ； cognitive function ； ADHD

臺灣運動心理學報

21卷2期（2021 / 07 / 31）

61 - 83

繁體中文

開放式運動（open-skill exercise）是一種需因應他人動作變化且與環境互動性高的運動種類，因而有較高的認知負荷需求也對認知功能有積極的益處。但開放式運動對注意力缺陷過動症（attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD）族群的內在認知功能及外在行為控制能力之改善效益，值得加以關注。目的：本回顧性文章是統整以開放式運動作為介入手段的文獻，比較不同種類的開放式運動對於年輕ADHD族群的認知功能、運動技能、社會與行為能力改善之相關效益，並為未來研究提供建議與方向。方法：本篇文獻回顧之資料庫橫跨 PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar及華藝線上圖書館等，將符合的文獻整理討論。結果：本文獻回顧發現不同類型的開放式運動對運動技能、社會與行為能力、認知功能呈現特定的效益；開放式運動皆能顯著提升ADHD之認知功能。而桌球對運動技能的提升尤佳，而社會與行為能力的改善則是使用遊戲和運動來增強神經行為受益作為介入為最優。結論：開放式運動對ADHD認知功能、運動技能、社會與行為能力方面皆有改善效果，可讓ADHD選擇自己喜歡的開放式運動，並可作為輔助療法之一。

Open skill exercise (OSE) is a type of exercise that responds to changes in other people's movements and has a high level of interaction with the environment; thus, it has a higher cognitive load requirement than closed skill exercise. Past studies have shown that OSE may have a greater impact on improving cognitive function. Therefore, whether OSE can also produce potential benefits for individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) such as the improvement of internal cognitive function and external behavior control ability, is an issue worthy of attention. Purpose: This review integrates studies that used OSE as the main intervention method for individuals with ADHD and compares the related benefits of different types of OSE for the improvement of cognitive function, motor skills, and social behavior, as well as provides recommendations for future research. Method: This study used keywords to search relevant studies from major online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Airiti Library. Results: Different types of OSE improve motor skills, social and behavioral abilities, and cognitive functions. The OSE can significantly improve the cognitive function of young individuals with ADHD. In addition, table tennis interventions are particularly effective in the improvement of motor skills, while the enhancing neurobehavioral gains with the aid of games and exercise (ENGAGE) intervention is the most effective at improving social and behavioral ability. Conclusion: OSE can be a form of non-pharmacological adjuvant therapy that improves cognitive function, motor skills, and social behavior in individuals with ADHD. It also allows individuals with ADHD to freely choose their favorite activity from.

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1. 楊聰財,張緯,洪巧菱(2023)。身體活動對成年注意力缺陷過動症認知功能與症狀之效益：文獻回顧。臺灣運動心理學報，23(2)，19-49。