臺灣運動員迷信心理之探索：來源、特徵和對運動員的影響

Exploration of athletes' superstition in Taiwan: Sources, characteristics and consequences

10.6497/BSEPT.202211_22(3).0001

余致萱(Chih-Hsuan Yu)；盧俊宏(Frank Jing-Horng Lu)；謝昀哲(Yun-Che Hsieh)；黃怡玲(Yi-Ling Huang)；謝秀芳(Shiow-Fang Shieh)

迷信心理學 ； 不確定假說 ； 錯誤歸因 ； 超自然信念 ； superstition psychology ； uncertain hypothesis ； false attribution ； supernatural beliefs

臺灣運動心理學報

22卷3期（2022 / 11 / 30）

1 - 20

繁體中文

迷信源自於一個人在不確定的情境中，希望透過對事物原因和結果的推論形成一種固定的行為，而迷信行為者認為這種方法可以到達趨吉避凶的目的。目的：本研究延續過去運動心理學量化和質性的研究，透過詮釋主義途徑，探索臺灣運動員迷信心理的來源、特徵和對其行為的影響。方法：透過滾雪球抽樣，針對17位有經驗的運動教練，團體性和個人性運動項目的運動員，以一對一半結構式深入晤談以及線上訪談進行資料蒐集。經錄音轉成逐字稿後，利用Glaser與Strauss（1967）所提出的紮根理論進行資料的分析。結果：總計產生209項有意義的主題，而這些主題又可分為10種類別和三個次概念。在運動迷信來源方面，參與者受到文化、宗教、家庭、以及訓練環境的影響，形成迷信行為和態度。在迷信行為的特徵方面，共有五項：包括，禁忌、儀式性行為、幸運物品、宗教行為、以及巫術。迷信對運動員的行為影響，包括認知、情緒、行為、神秘力量、和運動表現。結論：運動員迷信行為有許多心理效應存在，本研究以不確定假說、因應理論，和文化心理學角度解釋臺灣運動員的迷信行為，並且針對未來研究方向提出建議。

Superstition is an irrational behavior that originates from an individual's causal explanation of a specific behavioral outcome in an uncertainty environment. Thus, it forms a fixed behavior so to bring good luck and avoid bad luck. Purpose: This study was to extend past qualitative and quantitative research in sports by an interpretivism approach for exploring the sources, characteristics, and consequences of superstition of Taiwanese athletes. Method: By snowball sampling, we recruited 17 experienced athletes and coaches as participants. The participants engaged in diverse individual and team sports. We used in-person and online one-to-one in-depth interview to collect their experiences about sport superstition. Then, the interviews were recorded and transcribed. We analyzed the raw data with the grounded theory processes suggested by Glaser and Strauss (1967). Results: The study found 209 meaningful first-order themes which were classified as 10 categories and 3 sub-concepts. The sources of sport superstition included culture, religion, family, and training environment. Further, we found 5 major characteristics of their sources of superstition behavior including taboos, ritual behavior, lucky charms, religion, and witchcraft. The consequences of superstition behavior were to influence athletes' thoughts, emotions, and behavior. Conclusion: We concluded that sports superstition reflects several psychological implications. Finally, we interpreted our results by uncertainty, attribution theory and culture psychology, and proposed several suggestions for future research.

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