题名

大型賽會與運動政策變遷之分析：以2012倫敦奧運為例

并列篇名

Mega Events and Sport Policy Changes: Case of the 2012 London Olympic Games

DOI

10.6547/tassm.202106_21(1).0002

作者

黃睿崧(Jui-Sung, Huang)；蔣任翔(Ren-Shiang, Jiang)

关键词

英格蘭 ； 2012倫敦奧運 ； 運動政策 ； 策略關係取徑 ； 政策過程 ； England ； 2012 London Olympic Games ； sport policy ； strategic relational approach ； policy process

期刊名称

臺灣體育運動管理學報

卷期/出版年月

21卷1期（2021 / 06 / 01）

页次

13 - 37

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

目的：1996年亞特蘭大奧運，英國代表隊最終僅獲得15面獎牌，在獎牌榜上屈居第36名。此次失利之後，英國啟動體育運動的改革，爾後英國隊於奧運的排名穩步提升，更在2016里約奧運上擊敗中國成為獎牌榜第二。英國的體育運動發展能在20年之間有如此巨大的進步，除了成功的組織改革外，2012倫敦奧運的舉辦加速其運動政策的變革亦是重要的因素之一。本研究旨在透過2012倫敦奧運，分析英格蘭運動政策發展脈絡。方法：研究者採用文件分析法，並運用策略關係取徑與政策制定比較模型，分析英國政府、相關體育運動組織在事件結構下的實際作為，理解倫敦獲得奧運舉辦權前後英格蘭運動政策制定流程、政策執行，以及最重要的政策本身之變遷。結果：2012倫敦奧運於不同時期對英格蘭整體體育運動政策發展產生不同的效果。在獲得舉辦權前，政府欲利用體育運動發展帶來的效益，解決治安問題、提高勞動力，政策方向以重新建立運動發展環境及爭取舉辦奧運會為發展方向，2012倫敦奧運屬於改變當時候社會結構的「催化劑」，啟動了一連串的改革；而在獲得奧運舉辦權之後，則產生政治、經濟及社會文化三個層面的衝擊，進而影響利害關係組織往後的行動，其政策的方向改變為備戰奧運與善用資產／遺產。結論：英格蘭體育運動政策的執政方向，在倫敦獲得奧運舉辦權前、後產生改變。透過理論分析後得知，在政策制定的過程中，若政策制定者欲對於特定目標有所作為，應強化公眾對於社會問題的認知。亦或者，主事者可利用大型事件，創造利害關係人與政策的對話，最終達成導向目標之政策走向。
英文摘要

Purpose: In response to its failure in the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games, the United Kingdom undertook reforms in sport development. Since then, it has steadily improved its Olympic performance, and at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games, the United Kingdom finished second in the medal table. Sport in the United Kingdom has experienced substantial improvement not only because the United Kingdom has implemented successful organizational reforms for the development of elite sports but also because the bidding for the 2012 London Olympic Games led to a comprehensive approach to overall sport development. This study explores the correlation between the 2012 London Olympic Games and the development of sport policy in England. Methods: A qualitative research approach was adopted in this case study. By using a document analysis method, the researcher examined the changing nature of sport policy before and after London won the bid for the 2012 Olympics. This study analyzed the stakeholders, including the UK government and relevant sport organizations, the policy-making process, policy delivery, and, most importantly, the policy itself from the perspective of the strategic relational approach. Results: The results of this study suggest that the 2012 London Olympics had various effects on the development of England's overall sport policy over different periods. Before obtaining the right to host the games, the UK government intended to use sport to facilitate the development of society. Thus, the 2012 London Olympics acted as a catalyst to change the pre-existing structure. Winning the right to host the Olympic Games caused effects on the politics, economy, and social culture in the England, which in turn influenced the future actions of stakeholders. During this period, the government shifted its sport policy direction to prepare for the Olympics and take advantage of the aforementioned effects. Conclusion: The direction of English sport policy changed before and after winning the right to host the Olympic Games. Through policy formation, policy makers may pursue specific objectives such as enhancing public awareness of social issues. Policy makers can use mega events to create a conversation between stakeholders and policy, which ultimately leads to a goal-oriented policy.
主题分类 社會科學 > 體育學
社會科學 > 管理學
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被引用次数
  1. 温晉賢,蔣任翔,伍昱玟,温晉賢,蔣任翔,伍昱玟(2023)。（後）疫情時代英國全民運動政策發展與因應策略。中華體育季刊，37(3)，261-273。
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