美國NCAA就學生運動員運用姓名、形象或肖像之研究

NCAA Name, Image, and Likeness Regulations for Student Athletes

10.6547/tassm.202306_23(1).0002

陳宏志(Hung-Chih Chen)

NCAA ； 學生運動員 ； 姓名、形象或肖像（NIL） ； 業餘原則 ； 商業利用權 ； National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) ； student athletes ； name, image, and likeness (NIL) ； amateurism ； right of publicity

臺灣體育運動管理學報

23卷1期（2023 / 06 / 01）

3 - 17

繁體中文;英文

目的：美國NCAA對學生運動員運用姓名、形象或肖像（NIL）已有規範，可協助創造學生運動與商業運作之正向循環。方法：經本文研析美國法制內與NIL相關文獻、法規及2個重要案例，包含O'Bannon訴NCAA案與Alston訴NCAA案後發現，結果：NCAA原秉持業餘原則對學生運動員領取獎學金或其他報酬設有上限之情形，因違反反托拉斯法業已修正，且各州法規也陸續調修NIL規範，並影響NCAA更新其政策與規範。結論：美國學生運動員現已可運用NIL獲取商業利益，雖我國在學生運動與商業運作方面，短期內無法跟美國一樣，但本文仍據此研提可透過契約相關約定或參考國民體育法第22條第3項等建議，以供我國UBA、HBL及未來規劃或研議之借鏡。創新性：1.NIL議題重要但少人研究，結合趨勢與法制變化，研析後發現NCAA已調整業餘原則與規範。2.現美國學生運動員可運用NIL獲取商業利益，有助於運動與商業正向循環。3.我國雖短期無法仿效，但可利用契約約定，或研議修正國民體育法。

Purpose: Appropriate regulations by the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) on the image rights of student athletes could foster a virtuous cycle and a positive environment in the sports industry. Methods: This study examines two significant U.S. court cases, O'Bannon vs. NCAA and Alston vs. NCAA, and related literature to highlight the practical considerations regarding the name, image, and likeness (NIL) of student athletes. Results: The principal rulings of the U.S. Supreme Court in these cases indicate that no constraints are imposed on scholarships, compensation, or other education-related benefits in the context of amateurism for student athletes. Following these judgments, the NCAA has updated its interim NIL policy and guidelines. Conclusion: This article provides a comprehensive analysis of changes to NIL policy and offers suggestions concerning NIL contracts and Article 22 of the National Sports Act. These insights could serve as a reference for the University Basketball Association, High School Basketball League, relevant authorities in Taiwan, and industry professionals in the sports sector. Originality/value:1. NIL is key but understudied; analysis of trends and legal changes demonstrated that the NCAA has adjusted its amateurism principles and regulations. 2. American student athletes can use their NIL to gain commercial benefits, contributing to a positive cycle between sports and business. 3. Although it may be challenging to replicate this in the short termin Taiwan, contractual agreements can be used, or amendment of the National Sports Act can be considered.

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