雲林濱海平原植物社會動態之長期監測

Long-term Dynamics of Plant Communities of Yuin-Lin Coastal Plain in Southwestern Taiwan

10.7110/HKGJ.201012.0043

林虔隆(Chien-Lung Lin)；黃啓東(Chi-Tung Huang)；林志欽(Jyh-Chin Lin)；李載鳴(Tsai-Ming Lee)

植群動態 ； 植物社會 ； 重要值指數 ； 相似性指數 ； vegetation long-term dynamics ； plant community ； importance value index ； similarity coefficient

華岡地理學報

26期（2010 / 12 / 01）

43 - 53

繁體中文

本研究為雲林沿海平原次生林及人工造林植群動態之長期監測成果，監測期間自1997年秋季起至2010年夏季止，棲地類型以草生地、防風林及次生林為主。研究結果共記錄57科226種植物，其中喬木植物計24科34種。植物社會顯示具有喬木層之樣區植物種數變動增加較為緩和，草生地植物種類則明顯逐年減少，種類豐富度在植物生活型式與季節呈現波動現象。以重要值指數(IVI)分析喬木優勢植物結果顯示，2004年至2010年間木麻黃(Casuarina equisetifolia)及黃槿(Hibiscus tiliaceus)在濱海平原優勢度明顯增加，而構樹(Broussonetia papyrifera)、苦楝(Melia azedarach)及海檬果(Cerbera manghas)則自2005年起優勢度均逐年下降；次生林優勢種紅仔珠(Breynia officainalis)優勢度逐年下降，且被構樹所取代。植物組成經由Jaccard相似性指數計算，結果顯示各樣區於第二年時尚有約60~80%之相似程度；具有防風林及次生林之樣區相似度與第一年相似度相較呈和緩變化。次生林至2006年尚有約50%之相似程度，而防風林自2005年起相似度降至50%以下；草生地於2003年間與1997觀測時之相似度最小，為13%；由於喬木種類較無變化，因此其相似度取決於地被植物之變化，尤其受零星出現且族群量小之物種所影響。因此，研究結果顯示雲林沿海平原防風林及次生林植物種類組成之穩定度較草生地植群高，次生天然草生地植物優勢種競爭與植物生活型式、環境變遷及季節變化相關。

The purpose of this study is to monitor the long-term dynamics of ecological communities in Yuin-Lin coastal plain from autumn of 1997 to summer of 2010. Major vegetation communities were grassland, windbreak forest, and secondary succession forest. For vegetation monitoring, 57 families and 226 species plants were recorded, including 24 families and 34 species of arbores. The results showed that species richness decreased fast in grass lands but very mild in those woodland plots. Life form of plants and seasonal alteration effected species richness. Analysis of importance value indices (IVI) of arbores shows that Casuarina equisetifolia and Hibiscus tiliaceus were increased from 2004 to 2010. The growth of Broussonetia papyrifera Melia azedarach and Cerbera manghas declined year by year from 2005. B. papyrifera replaced Breynia officainalis and becomes the dominant trees in secondary succession forest. The variation of Jaccard coefficient of similarity in ecological communities remained 60~80% in second investigative year. The similarity in secondary succession forest still had 50% similar intensity in 2006, but similarity of windbreak was under 50% after 2005. The similarity of grassland was dropped to 13% in 1997 and 2003. The stability of tree species were resulted in less variation of species, while the ground cover species were considered highly related to tree species composition. The result of study revealed that plant communities in windbreaks and secondary succession forest were stability than in grassland. Environmental changes and seasonal variation effected competition of the plant in grassland.

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