從高雄市產業園區的整合與新投入論高雄產業轉型的機會

The Study of Kaohsiung's Industrial Restructuring Opportunities based on the Integration and New Investment of Kaohsiung's Industrial Parks

10.7110/HKGJ.201112.0031

蔡漢生(Han-Sheng Tsai)；吳連賞(Lien-Shang Wu)

高雄市 ； 產業轉型 ； 路徑依賴 ； 群聚效應 ； 創新系統 ； Kaohsiung City ； Industrial restructuring ； Path-dependence ； Cluster effect ； Innovation systems

華岡地理學報

28期（2011 / 12 / 01）

31 - 50

繁體中文

高雄市於1960年代投入加工出口區和1970年代以國家資本建立三大基礎工業，成功的發展策略使高雄市成為台灣早期的經濟驅動引擎，隨後卻讓在地的產業文化鎖進以往產業發展的路徑依賴上，產業組合偏重在成熟期與瀕衰退期的產業，忽略研發創新和產業新系統整合的重要性，致使產業結構偏重在工業經濟的發展模式典範，似乎還未真正進入資訊經濟和創新經濟的年代，因此高雄市的產業經濟面臨產業結構性落後的困境。有鑑於此，政府提出宏觀之高雄市縣合併、海空經貿城發展計畫和在地工業區整合等策略；另一方面從細部具體的政策相繼投入南科高雄園區、高雄軟體科技園區、自由貿易區和多功能經貿園區等建設，並新規劃南星遊艇產業專區和高雄學園等計畫，預期透過群聚效應和建構創新系統，為高雄市注入資訊經濟和創新經濟的發展模式。本研究發現高雄地區傳統的三大基礎產業（鋼鐵金屬、石化、造船與遊艇）和運籌物流產業正朝科技化、高值化和服務業化轉型，並致力於生化醫材與特殊材料產業、光電綠能產業、生產者服務業、消費者服務業和文化創意產業等新興產業發展。高雄市應致力於以「創造業」取代「製造業」的產業發展模式，投入更多高科技元素與創新產業活水，以建構永續創新發展的產業文化。

In the 1960s, Taiwan government established the first export processing zone in Kaohsiung city; later in the 1970s, the government fostered three traditional basic in the city. The successful development strategy made Kaohsiung to be the driving engine of Taiwan's early economic development, but the local industrial culture was locked in the path dependence of old industrial development. Most of the Kaohsiung's industries entered into the mature phase or declining phase; and Kaohsiung's industrial development strategy did not include the research innovation and industrial new systems. Consequently, Kaohsiung's industrial structure only emphasized on the traditional industrial development and did not enter the information and innovation economy era. Hence, Kaohsiung's economy faces the dilemma of backward industrial structure. In order to solve the above mentioned problems, Taiwan government offers the macro strategies containing the merger of Kaohsiung city and county, the development plan of a sea-air economic and trade city, and the integration of local industrial parks. The government also provides physical strategies of establishing Southern Taiwan Science Park-Kaohsiung Science Park, Kaohsiung Software Technology Park, Free Trade Area, and Multifunctional Commerce and Trade Park and the planning of building up Southern Star Yacht Industrial Zone and Kaohsiung Advanced Intelligent Science Park. By the cluster effect and innovation systems construction, the government expects that the components of information and innovation will be injected into Kaohsiung's economic development model.This research found that logistics industry and three traditional basic industries including steel and metal, petro chemistry, and shipbuilding and yacht are transformed into high-tech, high value-added and service oriented industries in Kaohsiung city. The government should also foster the new industries such as biochemical medical materials and special materials, green photoelectric, producer services, consumer services, and cultural and creative industries. Moreover, the government should devote to the industrial development model by substituting creative industries for manufacturing industries and put more effort into the high-tech and innovation industries to establish the industrial culture of continuous innovation.

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