跆拳道滑步側踩之運動生物力學分析

Biomechanics analysis of Taekwondo step sidekicks

10.6634/JPSS-CCU.202004_(30).0007

陳柏穎(Po-Ying Chen)；朱寧(Ning Chu)；李恆儒(Heng-Ju Lee)

滑步側踩 ； 質心晃動 ； 發力率 ； sliding side kick ； center of mass displacement ； rate of force development

文化體育學刊

30輯（2020 / 04 / 01）

85 - 93

繁體中文

緒論：近年來由於跆拳道競賽規則的修改以及電子護具的感應計分方式，使得滑步側踩成為現今跆拳道主要的踢擊動作，本研究目的探討優秀與次優秀選手執行不同高度滑步側踩運動學、動力學的差異，從中找出滑步側踩的特徵做為外來訓練與戰術運用之參考。方法：本研究招募20名大專跆拳道選手，優秀組與次優秀組各10名，依據全國競賽成績前六名為優秀組，未達到前六名則為次優秀組，選手執行滑步側踩動作高度依據實驗參與者肚臍至胸口之高度，上端高度為實驗參與者下顎之高度。利用紅外線高速攝影機、測力板以及KP&P電子護具收集資料，以獨立樣本t檢定分別考驗優秀組與次優秀組的差異。結果：（一）準備時間與執行時間，優秀組小於次優秀組。（二）發力率大小，優秀組大於次優秀組。（三）上端滑步側踩質心晃動距離，優秀組小於次優秀組（四）上端滑步側踩質心晃動速度，優秀組大於次優秀組。結論：（一）優秀組滑步側踩踢擊表現優於次優秀組。（二）準備期是影響選手執行滑步側踩執行時間長短的主要關鍵因素。（三）未來可針對肌肉活化與下肢關節在準備期的動作特徵作為研究，以提供未來訓練方針之參考。

Introduction: In recent years, the sliding side kick has become the major Taekwondo kicking action due to rule changes and the application of a sensor-based scoring system using electronic protective gear. The aims of this study were to investigate differences between elite and subelite athletes in kinematics, mechanics when performing sliding side kicks at different heights, and to identify the features of sliding side kicks as references for external training and strategy choices. Methods: This study recruited 20 college Taekwondo athletes, with 10 each assigned to the elite or subelite group. The elite group consisted of athletes ranking in the top six in national competitions; those ranked under six were assigned to the subelite group. Athletes performed sliding side kicks at a height reaching somewhere between their chest and bellybutton (sliding side kick to the torso), and high kicks which reached the level of the chin (sliding side kick to the head). Data were collected using infra-red high-speed cameras, force plates, and KP&P electronic protective gear, and were analyzed to identify variations between the elite and subelite groups using independent samples t-test. Results: (1) The elite group consumed less time in the preparation and execution stages than the subelite group. (2) The rate of force development (RFD) of the elite group was higher than that of the subelite group. (3) The displacement of center of mass (COM) excursion during a sliding side kick to the head was less in the elite group than in the subelite group. (4) The velocity of the COM excursion during sliding side kicks to the head was greater in the elite group than in the subelite group. Conclusion: (1) The elite group performed better than the subelite group in executing sliding side kicks. (2) The preparation stage was the primary factor affecting the athlete's execution time when performing sliding side kicks. (3) In the future, we can study that movement and muscle activation characteristics of lower limb joints during preparation phase to provide references for the following training guidelines.

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