運動情境中迷信的研究回顧

Superstition in Sports: A Literature Review

10.6634/JPSS-CCU.202010_(31).0007

劉襄(Sean H. Liu)；陳珍德(Jen-De Chen)；祈業榮(Theresa Chyi)；盧俊宏(Frank J. H. Lu)

不確定假說 ； 錯誤歸因 ； 超自然信念 ； 運動心理 ； uncertainty hypothesis ； misattribution ； super natural beliefs ； sport psychology

文化體育學刊

31輯（2020 / 10 / 01）

71 - 81

繁體中文

迷信（superstition）是一種不理性的行為，而行動者認為迷信行為可以趨吉避凶。心理學家Tobacyk（2004）認為迷信是一種態度，包括個人的信念和日常行為實踐。在運動的世界裡，迷信是一項很普遍的行為。由於競技運動的表現存在許多不確定因素，所以許多運動員多多少少具有迷信行為。本篇回顧性論文區分五部分來探討運動迷信的現象，分別為:（一）迷信的概念；（二）迷信對個人行為的影響；（三）運動迷信的現象；（四）運動迷信的研究；和（五）結語。透過文獻回顧相關研究發現，運動情境中的迷信行為是一個很重要議題。未來研究可以進行運動專用的迷信量表編制研究，進而檢驗相關的運動心理，如焦慮、自信、和專注等等。希望本篇回顧性論文對於有興趣進行運動迷信的學者提供一些基本的概念和未來研究方向。

Superstition is an irrational behavior, but the actors believe that superstition behavior bring good luck and avoid bad consequence. Thus, psychologist defined superstition as an attitude which includes one's beliefs and daily practices (Tobacyk, 2004). In sports, superstition is a pervasive behavior because there are so many uncertainty in sports competitions. Therefore, many athletes show superstition behavior. By using literature review, this article analyzed sports superstition by following 5 sections: (a) the concept of superstition; (b) influence of superstition on behavior; (c) superstition in sports; (d) research of superstition in sports; and (e) conclusion. We hope this review bring researchers' interests in sports superstition and provides basic concepts of sports superstition.

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