體育館營建管理模式建構與驗證之研究－中國文化大學體育館興建實證為例

A Study of Framework Developing of the Gymnasium Construction Management-Taking the Establishing Process of the Gymnasium of Chinese Culture University for Example

10.6214/JSRM.200512_2(2).0001

江金山(Ching-San Chiang)；呂謙(Chien Lu)

體育館營建管理 ； 結構方程模式 ； construction management of gymnasium ； structural equation modeling

運動休閒管理學報

2卷2期（2005 / 12 / 01）

1 - 23

繁體中文

體育館營建管理透過業主與專業者的彼此合作，僅需極少的初期成本(Start-up costs)即可迅速提供成果，達到業主與專業者雙贏(Win-win)並且減少衝突最革新的方法之一。本研究透過相關理論與文獻以及專家學者分析，因素分析建立體育館營建管理成功因素為「合作文化」、「長期品質」、「一致性」與「資源」，體育館營建管理失敗因素為「欠缺靈活」、「缺乏誠信」、「環境不適」與「專業管理不足」，再運用結構方程模式(Structural Equation Modeling, SEM)建構體育館營建管理假設模式，並進行模式之驗證與線性關係之分析。研究結果顯示體育館營建管理假設模式之建構效度顯示卡方值(χ^2)為704.614，自由度為518，p值為0.000，NCI為1.360，RMR為0.028，RMSEA為0.039，GFI為0.851，NFI為0.792，IFI為0.935與CFI為0.934，以上GFI與NFI值皆未大於0.9，顯示配適度僅達到勉強接受之程度，建議進行模式修正。總共經過二次方程模式修正之後，卡方值為319.636，自由度為285，p值為0.077，NCI為1.122，RMR為0.024，RMSEA為0.023，GFI為0.906，NFI為0.865，IFI為0.983與CFI為0.983。其中第二次修正數值僅NFI為0.865，IFI與CFI修正後之數值均超過0.95，綜合所有的評估指標數值顯示模式建構效度良好。由模式中指出四個內生潛在變數「合作文化」、「長期品質」、「一致性」與「資源」和體育館營建管理成功因素之間息息相關，彼此之間具有相當密切的交互影響作用與顯著正向關係；另一方面顯示「欠缺靈活」、「缺乏誠信」、「環境不適」與「專業管理不足」四個內生潛在變數與體育館營建管理失敗因素之間息息相關，彼此之間具有相當密切的交互影響作用與顯著正向關係，所以在深入探究以上八個內生潛在變數與二個外生潛在變數之間的體育館營建管理模式，如此才能避免體育館營建管理失敗，達成體育館營建管理成功的預期成效。另外，複核效度之檢定在於模式建構與驗證後，是否適用於其他的樣本，本研究之AIC由假設模式之數值858.614，經模式修正後為451.636，ECVI由假設模式之數值3.669，經模式修正後為1.930，顯示複核效度符合標準之要求，也能適用於其他的體育館營建管理模式之研究與樣本。

With the cooperation between the proprietor and the professionals, as well as the minor start-up costs, gymnasium construction management is one of the most innovative ways to not only provide results in a quick speed, but also decrease conflicts and create win-win situation. This study was referenced by related theories, documents, literatures and some analysis from professional experts and scholars. In factor analysis, the successful factors for gymnasium construction management were defined as ”cooperation culture”, ”long-term quality”, ”consistence” and ”resource”; the failed factors for gymnasium construction management were defined as ”lack of flexibility”, ”lack of faith”, ”not accustomed to the environment” and ”short of professional expertise”. Following that, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to develop the framework of gymnasium construction management, and conduct model verification and correlation analysis. The construct validity of the hypothesis model revealed that χ^2 was 704.614, degree of freedom was 518, p value was .000, Normalized chi-square index (NCI) was 1.360, Root mean square residual (RMR) was .0028, Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was .039, Goodness-of-fit index (GFI) was .851, Normed fit index (NFI) was .792, Incremental fit index (IFI) was .935 and Comparative fit index (CFI) was .934. Both GFI and NFI were not larger than .9, which meant the fit of estimates was reluctantly acceptable. Afterward modification was done twice based on covariance and regress weights of Modification Indices. In the second time modification, χ^2 was 319.636, degree of freedom was 285, p was .077, NCI was 1.122, RMR was .024, RMSEA was .023, GFI was .906, NFI was .865, IFI and CFI were .983. Although NFI was only 0.865, IFI and CFI were larger than .95 after the modification, which implied the construct validity was statistical acceptable fit. It was concluded in this model that four endogenous latent variables-”cooperation culture”, ”long-term quality”, ”consistence” and ”resource” had extremely close interaction and significant positive relationship with successful factors of gymnasium construction management. On the other hand, four endogenous latent variables-”lack of flexibility”, ”lack of faith”, ”not accustomed to the environment” and ”short of professional expertise” had extremely close interaction and significant positive relationship with failed factors of gymnasium construction management. An in-depth research of the model of gymnasium construction management on the eight endogenous latent variables and two exogenous latent variables as the mentioned above can avoid the possible failures and achieve the anticipated effects on gymnasium construction management. Concerning if the second construct validity still applied for other samples after model structure and verification in this research, AIC value changed to 451.636 from 858.614 after modification, ECVI modified from 3.669 to 1.930, indicating that the construct validity of the duplicate modification was comparably fit and the model of this research can be applied to other related researches of gymnasium construction management model with different samples.

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