中樞疲勞機制中支鏈胺基酸的角色

The Role of BCAA Play in the Mechanism behind Central Fatigue

10.6127/JEPF.2005.02.04

陳香吟(Hsiang-Yin Chen)

支鏈胺酸 ； 中樞疲勞 ； 血清素 ； 色胺酸 ； Central fatigue ； Serotonin ； Tryptophan ； Branched-chain amino acids

運動生理暨體能學報

2輯（2005 / 04 / 20）

45 - 53

繁體中文

最近科學家對中樞疲勞的探討有越來越高的興趣，目前大部分人較為熟知的影響因子之－為神經傳遞物質－血清素，當血清素濃度增加，將可能導致中樞疲勞反應發生。而血液中色胺酸與支鏈胺基酸濃度會影響血清素產生，間接影響中樞疲勞，可是關於上述機制的實驗證據正反不一。但最近開始有許多直接的證據支持血清素、色胺酸與支鏈胺基酸對中樞疲勞的影響。本文對支鏈胺基酸在中樞疲勞中所扮演的角色進行探討，提出建議的增補劑量與時間。根據本文獻探討結果：運動期間每隔15~20分鐘，補充達總劑量6~8g（大約以90m/kg Bw計算攝取量）的支鏈胺基酸，具有延緩中樞疲勞的功效，於運動表現上有正面的提昇，且銨離子濃度升高的情況不明顯。

There is an increasing interest in the mechanism behind central fatigue and at present we know that serotonin can induce central fatigue. The precursor of serotonin is tryptophan and the synthesis of serotonin in the brain is thought to be regulated by the blood supply of free tryptophan in relation to the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) since these compete with tryptophan for transport into the brain. Studies in human subjects have shown that the plasma ratio of free tryptophan/BCAA increases during and, particularly, after sustained exercise. This would favor the transport of tryptophan into the brain and also the synthesis and release of serotonin which may lead to central fatigue. Attempts have been made to influence the serotonin level by providing BCAA to human subjects during different types of sustained heavy exercise. However, more discussions are needed to further clarify the effect of BCAA ingestion on central fatigue. This article is going to explore the researches about BCAA and central fatigue, and try to find out a suitable way to ingestion BCAA for the purpose of delaying central fatigue. According to the studies, the recommend dose of BCAA is 6~8g (90 mg/kg BW) and BCAA should be ingested during exercise.

1. Atrand, P. O.,Rodahl, K.(1986).Textbook of work physiology.New York:McGraw Hill.
2. Bailey, S. P.,Davis, J. M.,Ahlborn, E. N.(1993).Neurooendocrine and substrate responses to altered brain 5-HT activity during prolonged exercise to fatigue.Journal of Applied Physiology,74,3006-3012.
3. Bailey, S. P.,Davis, J. M.,Ahlborn, E. N.(1992).Effect of increased brain serotonergic activity on endurance performance in the rat.Acta Physiology of Scandinavia,145,75-76.
4. Blomstrand, E.(2001).Amino acids and central fatigue.Amino Acids,20,25-34.
5. Blomstrand, E.,Hassmen, P.,Ek, S.,Ekblom, B.,Newsholme, E. A.(1997).Influence of ingesting a solution of branched-chain amino acids on perceived exertion during exercise.Acta Physiology of Scandinavia,159,41-49.
6. Blomstrand, E.,Perrett, D.,Parry-Billings, M.,Newsholme, E. A.(1989).Effect of sustained exercise on plasma amino acid concentrations and on 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism in six different brain regions of the rat.Acta Physiology of Scandinavia,136,473-481.
7. Calders, P.,Matthys, D.,Derave, W.,Pannier, J.-L.(1999).Effect of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), glucose, and glucose plus BCAA on endurance performance in rats.Medicine & Scine in Sports & Exercise,31(4),583-587.
8. Davis, J. M.,Bailty, P.,Woods, J. A.,Galiano, F. J.,Hamilton, M.,Bartoli, W. P.(1992).Effects of carbohydrate feedings on plasma free tryptophan and branched-chain amino acids during prolong cycling.European Journal of Applied Physiology,65,513-519.
9. Fernstrom, J. D.(1990).Aromatic amino acids and monoamine synthesis in the CNS: influence of diet.Journal of Nutrition Biochemisrty,10,508-517.
10. Lehmann, M. J.,Gastmann, U. A. L.(1998).Overtraining and the BCAA hypothesis.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,30(7),1173-1178.
11. Lehmann, M. J.,Huonker, M.,Dimeo, F.,Heinz, N.,Gastmann, U.,Treis, N.,Steinacker, J. M.,Keul, J.,Kajewski, R.,Haussinger, D.(1995).Serum amino acid concentrations in nine athletes before and after the 1993 Colmar ultra triathlon.International Journal of Sports Medicine,16,155-159.
12. MacLean, D. A.,Graham, T. E.(1993).Branched-chain amino acid supplementation augments plasma ammonia responses during exercise in humans.Journal of Physiology,74,2711-2717.
13. MacLean, D. A.,Graham, T. E.,Saltin, B.(1994).Branched-chain amino acids augment ammonia metabolism while attenuating protein breakdown.America Journal of Physiology,267,1010-1022.
14. Madsen, K.,MacLean, D. A.,Kiens, B,Christensen, D.(1996).Effects of glucose, glucose plus branched-chain amino acids, or placebo on bike performance over 100 km.Journal of Applied Physiology,81,2644-2650.
15. McMenamy, R. H.,Oncley, J. L.(1958).The specific binding of L-tryptophan to serum albumin.Journal of Biochemistry,233,1436-1447.
16. Mittleman, K. D.,Ricci, M. R.,Bailey, S. P.(1998).Branched-chain amino acids prolong exercise during heat stress in men and women.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,30(1),83-91.
17. Newsholme, E. A.,Leech, A. R.(1985).Biochemistry for the Medicial Sciences.New York:John Wiley & Sons.
18. Soares, D. D.,Lima, N. R. V.,Coimbra, U.,Marubayashi, U.(2003).Evidence that tryptophan reduces mechanical efficiency and running performance in rats. Pharmacology.Biochemistry and Behavior,74,357-362.
19. VanHall, G.,Raaymakers, J. S. H.,Saris, W. H. M.,Wagenmakers, A. J. M.(1995).Ingestion of branched-chain amino acids and tryptophan during sustained exercise in man: failure to affect performance.Journal of Physiology,486,789-794.
20. Varnier, M.,Sarto, P.,Martines, D.,Lora, L.,Carmignoto, F.,Leese, G. P.,Naccarato, R.(1994).Effect of infusing branched-chain amino acid during incremental exercise with reduced muscle glycogen content.European Journal of Applied Physiology,69,26-31.
21. Wagenmakers, A. J. M.,Brookes, J. H.,Coakley, T. R.,Edwards, R. H. T.(1989).Exercise-induced activation of the branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase in human muscle.European Journal of Applied Physiology,59,159-167.
22. Wilson, W. M.,Maughan, R. J.(1992).Evidence for a possible role of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the genesis of fatigue in man: Administration of paroxetine, a 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor, reduces the capacity to perform prolonged exercise.Expremental Physiology,77,921-924.
23. Yamamoto, T.,Newsholme, E. A.(2000).Diminished central fatigue by inhibition of the L-system transporters for the uptake of tryptophan.Brain Research Bulletin,52,35-38.
24. 林政弘(2000)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。輔仁大學。

1. 謝錦城、劉介仲、康如佩、林俊宏(2010)。靈芝補充對於運動引起疲勞之影響。成大體育，42(1)，19-29。