游泳選手代謝適能之特性研究

Metabolic Fitness in Elite Swimmers

10.6127/JEPF.2008.07.05

戴世然(Shi-Lan Tail)；黃文成(Wen-Chen Huang)；陳秀華(Shou-Hua Chen)；劉德智(Te-Chi Liu)；郭家驊(Chia-Hua Kuo)

葡萄糖耐受度 ； 胰島素 ； 三酸甘油脂 ； 膽固醇 ； glucose tolerance ； insulin ； cholesterol ； triglyceride

運動生理暨體能學報

7輯（2008 / 05 / 20）

51 - 60

繁體中文

游泳選手雖然運動訓練的時間較一般人長，但體脂肪比例卻較常人高。本研究的主要目的為觀察大學游泳選手葡萄糖耐受度與胰島素敏感度的特性。我們也觀察這些受試者其胰島素敏感度與血脂肪濃度之間的關聯。共有九位大學游泳校隊選手（年齡20.6±0.53歲）與十六位無運動習慣的大學生（年齡19.7±0.11歲）參與本研究。在48小時停止訓練後，空腹狀態下進行口服葡萄糖耐受度試驗(OGTT)並觀察血清胰島素反應。血液三酸甘油脂與膽固醇濃度同時被測定。這些游泳選手腰臀圍比值(WHR)與身體質量指數(BMI)明顯高於無運動習慣的大學生，顯示其相對肥胖的程度。在OGTT過程中葡萄糖濃度兩組雖無差異，但游泳選手之胰島素濃度反應較低。我們也觀察到無運動習慣的大學生其胰島素反應之變異程度較游泳選手高出67%。此外，游泳選手血液三酸甘油脂與膽固醇濃度明顯高於無運動習慣的大學生。本研究結果顯示游泳訓練具有提昇胰島素敏感度的正面效益。本研究亦顯示血脂肪濃度似乎與其肥胖程度有關。

Trained swimmer typically exhibits greater fatness during training period but exhibits significantly greater exercise time than average people. The purpose of the study was to determine the characteristic in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in collegiate swimmers. The relationship between insulin sensitivity and blood lipid profile were also investigated. Nine collegiate swimmers (age 20.6±0.53 yr) and sixteen sedentary college students (age 19.7±0.11 yr) voluntarily participated in this study. Under fasted condition, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin response were measured at least 48 hours after the last bout of regular swimming training. The blood cholesterol and triglyceride were also determined. These swimmers displayed significant greater waist-to-hip ratio and BMI than those of sedentary students (p＜.05), indicating a trend toward obesity. Regardless, glucose tolerance was not different between swimmers and sedentary students, but the insulin response during OGTT was significantly smaller in swimmers than that in sedentary students. In addition, blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in swimmers than sedentary students. The current study demonstrated that swimming training could enhance insulin sensitivity but greater blood lipid levels appeared to be associated with greater fatness.

1. Almeras, N.,Lemieux, S.,Bouchard, C.,Tremblay, A.(1997).Fat gain in female swimmers.Physiology & Behavior,61,811-817.
2. Birnbaum, M. J.(2001).Diabetes. Dialogue between muscle and fat.Nature,409,672-673.
3. Broeder, C. E.,Burrhus, K. A,Svanevik, L. S,Volpe, J.,Wilmore, J. H.(1997).Assessing body composition before and after resistance or endurance training.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,29,705-712.
4. DeFronzo, R. A.,Jacot, E.,Jequier, E.,Maeder, E.,Wahren, J.,Felber, J. P.(1981).The effect of insulin on the disposal of intravenous glucose. Results from indirect calorimetry and hepatic and femoral venous catheterization.Diabetes,30,1000-1007.
5. Facchini, F. S.,Hua, N.,Abbasi, F.,Reaven, G. M.(2001).Insulin resistance as a predictor of age-related diseases.The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism,86,3574-3578.
6. Flynn, M. G.,Costill, D. L,Kirwan, J. P.,Mitchell, J. B.,Houmard, J. A.,Fink, W. J.(1990).Fat storage in athletes: metabolic and hormonal responses to swimming and running.International Journal of Sports Medicine,11,433-440.
7. Hou, C. W.,Chou, S. W.,Ho, H. Y.,Lee, W. C.,Lin, C. H.,Kuo, C. H.(2003).Effect of exercise training and growth hormone administration on glucose tolerance and muscle GLUT4 protein expression.Journal of Biomedical Science,10(6),689-696.
8. Ivy, J. L.,Zderic, T. W.,Fogt, D. L.(1999).Prevention and treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews,27,1-35.
9. Kopelman, P. G.(2000).Obesity as a medical problem.Nature,404,635-643.
10. Kuo, C. H.,Browning, K. S.,Ivy, J. L.(1999).Regulation of GLUT4 protein expression and glycogen storage after prolonged exercise.Acta Physiologica Scandinavica,165,193-201.
11. Lavoie, J. M.,Montpetit, R. R.(1986).Applied physiology of swimming.Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.),3,165-189.
12. Lee, W. C.,Chen, J. J.,Hunt, D.,Hou, C. W.,Lai, Y. C.,Lin, F. C.(2004).Effects of hiking at altitude on body composition and insulin sensitivity in recovery drug addicts.Preventive Medicine,39(4),681-688.
13. Rattigan, S.,Clark, M. G.,Barrett, E. J.(1997).Hemodynamic actions of insulin in rat skeletal muscle: Evidence for capillary recruitment.Diabetes,46,1381-1388.
14. Reaven, G. M.(1988).Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease.Diabetes,37(12),1595-1607.
15. Samaras, K.,Kelly, P. J.,Chiano, M. N.,Spector, T. D.,Campbell, L. V.(1999).Genetic and environmental influences on total-body and central abdominal fat: the effect of physical activity in female twins.Annals of Internal Medicine,130,873-882.
16. Simsolo, R. B.,Ong, J. M.,Kern, P. A.(1993).The regulation of adipose tissue and muscle lipoprotein lipase in runners by detraining.The Journal of Clinical Investigation,92,2124-2130.
17. Tanaka, H.,Clevenger, C. M.,Jones, P. P.,Seals, D. R.,DeSouza, C. A.(1998).Influence of body fatness on the coronary risk profile of physically active postmenopausal women.Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental,47,1112-1120.
18. Tuuri, G.,Loftin, M.,Oescher, J.(2002).Association of swim distance and age with body composition in adult female swimmers.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,34,2110-2114.
19. Tyndall, G. L.,Kobe, R. W.,Houmard, J. A.(1996).Cortisol, testosterone, and insulin action during intense swimming training in humans.European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology,73,61-65.
20. Vaccaro, P.,Clarke, D. H.,Morris, A. F.(1980).Physiological characteristics of young well-trained swimmers.European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology,44,61-66.
21. Vogel, J. A.,Friedl, K. E.(1992).Body fat assessment in women. Special considerations.Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.),13,245-269.
22. Zierath, J. R.(2002).Invited review: Exercise training-induced changes in insulin signaling in skeletal muscle.Journal of Applied Physiology,93,773-781.

1. 黃莉婷、彭雪英(2011)。參與不同運動社團兒童之身體組成差異。運動生理暨體能學報，12，23-30。
2. 楊璁人、楊偉鈞、邱志暉(2016)。游泳運動的能量代謝與補充。中原體育學報，9，19-24。