賽前減量訓練對生理適應與運動表現的影響

Effects of Pre-Competition Tapering on Physiological Adaptation and Exercise Performance

10.6127/JEPF.2012.14.01

黃志成(Chih-Cheng Huang)；林正常(Jung-Charng Lin)；林信甫(Hsin-Fu Lin)

訓練計劃 ； 減量策略 ； 運動員 ； training schedule ； taper strategy ； athlete

運動生理暨體能學報

14輯（2012 / 06 / 01）

1 - 10

繁體中文

賽前減量訓練是為了季中重大比賽所設計的訓練方式，通常被視為比賽前訓練準備的一部分。賽前減量訓練已經在許多耐力運動項目中被驗證對於運動表現有正面的幫助；然而目前針對於團隊運動項目以及技巧性較高的持拍運動所探討的減量訓練研究並不多。減量訓練的策略主要是利用操弄如訓練頻率、持續時間、訓練強度等訓練要素，以降低整體的訓練量。綜合過去的研究顯示透過低訓練量，維持高強度為較佳的減量訓練方式；減量訓練期以14天為最合適，而訓練期長短可能會依選手的訓練水準與運動項目而有所不同。本篇文獻分析主要從不同訓練要素的角度，探討賽前減量訓練對於生理適應與運動表現的相關研究成果，提供教練、選手與運科人員應用於安排訓練計畫的參考。

Taper is typically designed as a preparation for major competition during season, which is usually considered as a part of periodization in training. Taper has been suggested to enhance exercise performance in many endurance events; however, research on effects of taper on team sports and racquet sports is limited in current literature. Strategies of tapering are mainly determined by manipulating training components such as training frequency, duration, and intensity to control training volume in addition to duration of taper. It has been suggested that low volume with high training intensity is most effective for optimal tapering and taper duration is 14 days. However, this may also depend on training status of individual athlete and types of sports events. The purpose of this brief review is to discuss the effects of pre-competition tapering on physiological adaptation and exercise performance from different training component perspectives, and provides current research evidence as well as future research directions for coaches, athletes, and exercise science professionals in season schedule planning.

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