韓國的醫療公共化與市場化

The Publicness and Marketization of Medical Care in Korea

許良因(Hsu, Liang-Yin)

韓國 ； 醫療產業 ； 營利醫院 ； 公共化 ； 市場化

國際文化研究

13卷1期（2017 / 06 / 01）

91 - 122

繁體中文

對許多戰後的福利國家而言，醫療服務提供是國家的基本功能之一，然而，80 年代之後快速發展的新自由主義全球化，卻侵蝕了醫療公共性的政治及社會基礎，對於戰後經歷民主轉型的韓國來說，其醫療服務的變化也在「社會保護-自律性市場」的雙重運動中。韓國社會存在著鉅型財團，並且積極地介入醫療產業的市場化與商品化，但是，韓國社會亦存在民主力量，制衡全球化時期的市場化風潮。本文透過「社會保護-自律性市場」的二股不同方向的運動，觀察韓國在醫療市場化過程中的進展。本文以利用不同面向說明韓國醫療服務的市場化，包括用「產業」的概念理解醫療、推動營利醫院、推動非營利的醫療機構從事營利事項、開放私人醫療保險市場、開發遠距醫療新市場、推動醫療院所與健保脫勾、推動醫院購併。本文指出，韓國在1997 金融危機後明顯地滑進了市場化的道路，過去十幾年醫療市場化已取得許多進展，但是民主運動與民間動員也試圖維持醫療之公共性，幾度阻止了市場化的無限制擴張。

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