外籍移工生活適應及生活滿意度的調節中介分析：文化差異與在地飲食體驗的影響

Cultural Differences and Local Food Experience on Migrant Workers' Adjustment and Life Satisfaction: A Moderated Mediation Analysis

10.6169/NCYUJPEHR.16.3.01

黃仁宗(Ren-Tzung Huang)；李冠霈(Kuan-Pei Lee)

跨文化適應 ； 個人與環境契合理論 ； 在地飲食體驗 ； 生活滿意度 ； cross-cultural adjustment ； food experience ； life satisfaction ； P-E fit

嘉大體育健康休閒期刊

16卷3期（2017 / 12 / 31）

1 - 15

繁體中文

本研究主要關切在台外籍移工的生活適應及生活滿意度。在地飲食體驗雖屬跨文化適應的一環，卻少受關注，故本研究也探討文化差異與在地飲食體驗對移工生活適應及生活滿意度的影響。本研究以台南科學園區外籍移工為調查對象，共收集有效問卷588份。為驗證文化差異與在地飲食體驗是否具有交互作用，本研究採用調節中介分析。研究結果顯示移工的在地飲食體驗正向影響其生活適應與生活滿意度，且文化差異對在地飲食體驗與生活適應之間的關係具有正向的調節效果。研究結果表明高科技業者對移工提供的日常生活環境與族裔聚居的效果大幅提升移工的生活適應與生活滿意度。未來對移工的研究架構則應考慮納入組織支持與社會支持。另外，根據研究結果衍伸的管理意涵，本研究也提供數項實務建議。

This study aims to explore the general adjustment and life satisfaction of the migrant workers during their sojourn in Taiwan. In addition, the cultural differences as a moderator affecting the relations between local food experience and general adjustment as well as life satisfaction were also investigated. A survey was conducted to the migrant workers who were employed with the factories in the Tainan Science Park, Taiwan and a total of 588 useable questionnaires were obtained. A moderated-mediation analysis was carried out and the results supported most of the hypotheses. Further analysis indicates that both organizational and social support play an important role in enhancing migrant workers' general adjustment and life satisfaction. In addition, local food experience was found to have a positive effect on both general adjustment and life satisfaction, while the relation between local food experience and general adjustment was positively moderated by the cultural differences. In conclusion, the present study lends support that the local food experience exerts positive effect on the general adjustment as well as life satisfaction. The moderating role of the cultural differences was also confirmed in this study.

1. 林惠彥、陸洛、吳珮瑀、吳婉瑜(2012)。快樂的員工更有生產力嗎？組織支持與工作態度之雙重影響。中華心理學刊，54(4)，451-469。
   連結：
2. 曾慈慧、辛純靚、沈進成(2008)。泰國勞工在台之休閒行爲與生活滿意度影響關係之研究。運動與遊憩研究，2(4)，38-65。
   連結：
3. 黃英忠、鍾安宜、翁良杰、張文菁(2005)。國際交換學生海外適應與生活滿意度關係之研究：社會支持觀點。中山管理評論，13(4)，959-981。
   連結：
4. 顏士閔、黃仁宗(2017)。文化差異、生活適應與在地飲食體驗對外籍移工生活滿意度的影響〜兼論族群特性與居留時間的影響效果。島嶼觀光研究，10(4)，60-88。
   連結：
5. 龔宜君(2005)。半邊陲之台灣企業在世界體系的鑲嵌。台灣東南亞學刊，2(1)，61-81。
   連結：
6. 勞動部 (2017)。勞動統計月報。台北：勞動部。線上檢索時間：2017 年12 月5日。網址：http://statdb.mol.gov.tw/html/mon/212050.htm.
7. Agrawal, S.K.(2010).,Canada:Region of Peel, Human Services.
8. Bashir, S.(2012).Perceived organizational support and the cross-cultural adjustment of expatriates in the UAE.Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues,5(1),63-82.
9. Black, J. S.,Stephens,G. K.(1989).The influence of the spouse on American expatriate adjustment and intent to stay in Pacific Rim overseas assignments.Journal of Management,15(4),529-544.
10. Byram, M.(Ed.),Feng, A.(Ed.)(2006).Living and Studying Abroad: Research and Practice.Clevedon, UK:Multilingual Matters.
11. Caligiuri, P. M.(2000).Selecting expatriates for personality characteristics: A moderating effect of personality on the relationship between host national contact and cross-cultural adjustment.Management International Review,40(1),61-80.
12. Cohen, E.(1972).Toward a sociology of international tourism.Social Research,39(1),164-182.
13. Cohen, E.,Avieli, N.(2004).Food in tourism: Attraction and impediment.Annals of Tourism Research,31(4),755-778.
14. Cohen, J.(1988).Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences.Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum.
15. Cooper, C. L.(Ed.)(1998).Theories of Organizational Stress.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
16. Counihan, C.(Ed.),Van Esterik, P.(Ed.)(1997).Food and Culture.New York:Routledge.
17. Edwards, J.S.,Hartwell, H.L.,Brown, L.(2010).Changes in food neophobia and dietary habits of international students.Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics,23(3),301-311.
18. Eid, M.(Ed.),Laser, R.J.(Ed.)(2008).The science of subjective well-being.New York:Guilford Press.
19. Hair, J. F.,Hult, G. T. M.,Ringle, C. M.,Sarstedt, M.(2014).A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).Thousand Oaks, CA:SAGE.
20. Hair, J.F.,Ringle, C.M.,Sarstedt, M.(2011).PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet.Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice,19(2),139-151.
21. Holtbrügge, D.(Ed.)(2008).Cultural Adjustment of Expatriates: Theoretical Concepts and Empirical Studies.München, Mering:Rainer Hampp Verlag.
22. Knies, G.,Nandi, A.,Platt, L.(2016).Life satisfaction, ethnicity and neighborhood: Is there an effect of neighborhood ethnic composition on life satisfaction?.Social Science Research,60,110-124.
23. Langley, C. S.,Breese, J. R.(2005).Interacting sojourners: A study of students studying abroad.The Social Science Journal,42(2),313-321.
24. Peltokorpi, V.(2008).Cross-cultural adjustment of expatriates in Japan.International Journal of Human Resource Management,19(9),1588-1606.
25. Schnettler, B. Lobos, G.,Orellana, L.,Grunert, K.,Sepúlveda, J.,Mora, M.,Denegri, M.,Miranda, H.(2015).Analyzing food-related life satisfaction and other predictors of life satisfaction in central Chile.Spanish Journal of Psychology,18,e38.
26. Short, K.H.,Johnston, C.(1997).Stress, maternal distress, and children's adjustment following immigration: The buffering role of social support.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,65(3),494-503.
27. Takeuchi, R.(2010).A critical review of expatriate adjustment research through a multiple stakeholder view: Progress, emerging trends, and prospects.Journal of Management,36(4),1040-1064.
28. Tran, T.V.(1987).Ethnic community supports and psychological well-being of Vietnamese refugees.International Migration Review,21(3),833-844.
29. van der Laken, P.,van Engen, M.,van Veldhoven, M.,Paauwe, J.(2016).Expatriate support and success: A systematic review of organization-based sources of social support.Journal of Global Mobility,4(4),408-431.
30. Van Vianen, A.E.M.,de Pater, I.E.,Kristof-Brown, A.L.,Johnson, E.C.(2004).Fitting in: Surface- and deep-level cultural differences and expatriates' adjustment.The Academy of Management Journal,47(5),697-709.
31. Veenhoven, R.(1991).Is happiness relative?.Social Indicators Research,24(1),1-34.
32. Wang, M.,Zhan, Y. J.,Mccune, E.,Truxillo, D.(2011).Understanding newcomers' adaptability and work-related outcomes: testing the mediating roles of perceived P-E fit variables.Personnel Psychology,64(1),163-189.
33. Zhou, M.,Lin, W.(2016).Adaptability and life satisfaction: The moderating role of social support.Frontiers in Psychology,7,1134.
34. 王玉梅、何燕珍(2014)。跨國外派管理實踐對外派人員跨文化適應的影響─基於中國企業的實證研究。經濟管理，5，90-103。
35. 林怡璇(2012)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。高雄市，高雄餐旅大學。
36. 陳貴凰、劉韻平(2010)。在台外籍學生飲食適應經驗之研究。健康管理學刊，8(1)，1-22。
37. 廖榮利(1995)。休閒行為與工作滿足之因素分析。社區發展季刊，69，206-218。
38. 劉品佑(2007)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。新竹市，清華大學。

1. 羅仙鳳(Dian Andesta);范振德(Woody Jann-Der Fann)(2023)。以紮根理論建構印尼國際移工之休閒阻礙模式。休閒產業管理學刊。16(2)。43-68。