英文摘要
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National identity in Turkey is a long process of interaction among modernization, westernization, Europeanization, Islamization, and democratization. From the great old Ottoman Empire to the modern nation of Turkey, Islam has been the central pivot of identity building. Though Kemal introduced so-called Kemalism to lay secularism as the foundation of the new republic, Islam was still the main driving force in every aspect of national affairs. The struggle of allying with the West or stick with the East heritage and brotherhood swung along the way of Turkey's state building and democratization. European Union is a leading force for Western direction, though still with many issues unresolved. Kurds bring the most difficult challenge domestically in identity searching.
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