土耳其的族群政策與問題

Ethnic Politics: The Case of Turkey

謝國斌(Kuo-Pin Hsieh)

土耳其 ； 庫德族 ； 族群政策 ； Turkey ； Kurds ； ethnic policy

台灣國際研究季刊

12卷1期（2016 / 03 / 01）

19 - 42

繁體中文

土耳其的版圖橫跨歐亞兩洲，其在歷史上與地理上的重要性，使得它成為一個多族群的國家。然而，一直以來土耳其政府只願意承認三個人口比例佔不到0.1%的非穆斯林少數民族；而人口佔將近兩成之最大的少數民族庫德族卻未獲政府承認。經過相關文獻的整理分析，本論文發現凱末爾主義與色佛爾症候群是形塑土耳其族群政策的兩大因素，而在可預見的未來土耳其並無改變其族群政策的可能性，這不但將持續影響其對庫德族政策，也將持續阻礙其進入歐盟的道路。

Due to its historical and geographical complexities, Turkey has been a multi-ethnic country with over 70 ethnic minority groups within its territory. However, since the very first day when the Republic of Turkey was established in 1923, only three non-Muslim minorities, including Greeks, Armenians, and Jews, have ever been officially recognized. On the other hand, all the other ethnic groups, including the most numerous and influential Kurdish people, have never been officially regarded as minority groups. Based on the critical review of related literature, it is concluded that the political and historical legacy of Kemalism and Severes syndrome play the most decisive role in shaping Turkey's ethnic policy. It is also suggested that Turkey's ethnic policy is unlikely to have significant change in the foreseeable future, and which will continue to influence Turkey's relations with Kurds as well as thwart Turkey's way to European Union.

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