從新制度主義看墨西哥憲政體制對其政黨政治的影響

Analyzing the Impact of Mexico's Constitutional System on its Party Politics from the Perspective of New Institutionalism

蘇彥斌(Yen-Pin Su)

墨西哥 ； 憲政體制 ； 政黨政治 ； Mexico ； constitutional system ； party politics

台灣國際研究季刊

14卷2期（2018 / 06 / 01）

79 - 101

繁體中文

本文從新制度論的角度出發，分析墨西哥的憲政體制如何影響該國的政黨政治發展。具體而言，本文認為墨西哥憲政體制中的「總統集權」與「民選官員不得連選連任」兩大特徵，對於該國政黨體系結構的發展、立法過程以及府會關係，具有重要的影響力。在2000年政黨輪替之前，這兩個憲政特徵的加乘效果強化了由革命建制黨（PRI）所主導的黨國體制。然而，從2000年開始，這兩個憲政規定加劇了行政—立法衝突，對於政治代表的品質與政治課責造成若干負面影響。

This article uses a new institutionalist perspective to analyze how Mexico's constitutional system influences the country's party politics. Specifically, it argues that the centralization of power in the presidency and the prohibition of reelection of elected officials are two crucial features in Mexico's constitution that have important influences on party system development, the law-making process, and executive-legislative relations. Before the party turnover in 2000, these two constitutional features helped strengthen the party-state of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). However, since 2000 the two constitutional features have worsened executive-legislative relations under divided government, which in turn has reduced the quality of political representation and political accountability.

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