民族主義的兩面刃－第二次世界大戰泰國外交政策的演變

The Duality of Nationalism: Thailand's Foreign Policy in the Second World War

鄧育承(Yu-Cheng Teng)

民族主義 ； 王室－民族主義 ； 喪失國土 ； 建構主義 ； 披汶 ； nationalism ； Royal nationalism ； loss narrative ； Constructivism ； Phibunsongkhram

台灣國際研究季刊

17卷4期（2021 / 12 / 01）

143 - 156

繁體中文

19世紀中，英法列強環繞，泰國在制定外交政策時需考量自身所處的地緣政治與國家利益，於強權權力結構下提升其於東南亞的相對權力。國際關係現實主義與地緣政治學者普遍認爲，泰國與歐洲列強交涉或結盟都是自身利益極大化的安全考量，本論文透過檢視歷史文獻歸納出民族主義的兩種論述：「王室－民族主義」與「喪失國土」。然而，泰國第三任內閣總理披汶．頌堪於第二次世界大戰時透過媒體大肆渲染「喪失國土」論，透過與日本的影響力，收回部分失土。本論文的主旨是運用建構主義來詮釋第二次世界大戰泰國外交政策的演變，認爲國家互爲主體的行爲者在認知其在國際政治結構中的國家利益，有助於形塑國際政治結構中的國際地位。國際體系的產生乃是基於國家行爲體對社會的認同後，「泛泰主義」就是泰國軍事菁英所操縱的文化秩序，建構主義在二次世界大戰泰國外交政策中提供另一個詮釋泰國外交政策的途徑。

In the mid-nineteenth century, surrounded by the British and French powers, Thailand would take geopolitical and national interests into consideration to enhance its relative power while competing with powers in the Southeast Asia structure. Realist and geopolitical scholars argued that Thailand's engagement or alliance with the European powers is driven by security concerns, trying to maximize its own interests. Throughout Thailand historiography, this paper has summarized two different discourses: The Royal nationalism and the loss narrative. The 3^(rd) Prime Minister Plaek Phibunsongkhram constructed the loss narrative in which Thailand could regain its lost territories by forging an alliance with Japan and presented this to the public through media. The main theme of this paper is to to interpret the evolution of Thailand's foreign policy during the Second World War, arguing that the national interests perceived by interactive actors were conducive to nation's status in the international political structure. The emergence of an international system is based on the recognition of society by national actors. ＂Pan-Thaiism＂ was ideologically flourished by the Thai military elite, and Constructivism provides a new appraisal of interpreting Thailand's foreign policy.

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