The Start-up Environment in Kenya

肯亞的新創環境之研析

10.30392/TJWTOS.202003_(32).0003

馮睿恩(Florian Eising)

Kenya ； start-ups ； Africa ； entrepreneur ； ecosystem ； 肯亞 ； 新創企業 ； 非洲 ； 生態體系 ； 創業家

Taiwanese Journal of WTO Studies

32期（2020 / 03 / 01）

59 - 89

英文

由於今日我們生活在動態的環境之中，企業最重要的就是必須擁有可永續且具有彈性的商業模式（flexible business model），足以因應顧客的需求。企業為了要不僅短期，而且長期能成功，就必須一方面實行有效率的過程，另一方面彈性地適應不斷變化的需求。換言之，未來市場的贏家必須懂得善用現代科技與擁有高質量的人力資本。若將此概念應用到全球化來定義「國家」的話，成功的國家是那些擁有創新創業潛力（innovative entrepreneurship）特質的經濟體。這就是何以新創企業（start-ups）今日備受各國重視的主要原因。新創企業似乎已成為一國經濟成長的關鍵因素。所謂新創企業是指一家尚處於草創階段的公司，該公司致力於應用具有創意的產品或服務來解決現實生活中的問題。與一般創業家（entrepreneur）不同的是，新創企業的創辦人（founder）不是只專注於如何將理念轉換成利益導向的公司，而是有目標地要從無創造出有，並藉此使世界變得更美好。易言之，新創企業不僅是在解決問題，改善日常生活，更可提升生活水準，增加經濟活動，進而促進一國的經濟成長。儘管矽谷、新加坡、特拉維夫或一些歐洲國家皆以擁有新創企業的友善環境著稱，但地表上仍有其他的地區也提供極具潛力的新創企業發展的前景。近年來少數慧眼獨具者聚焦於非洲國家，認為這些發展中國家是新創企業的天堂。不難理解的是，非洲大陸人口成長速度世界第一，且預期將於2050年成為25億人口的家。未來的最大挑戰之一是如何餵飽如此眾多的人口。農業因而成為最大商機，因為非洲幾乎有三分之二的農地尚未開發。若能更有效地利用這些未開發農地來發展出口為導向的農業勢將帶來龐大商機與經濟成長。所以，非洲近年來越來越受到創業家與投資客的青睞。有鑑於此，本文將首先介紹肯亞（Kenya）的經濟現況，然後聚焦於該國的新創企業的生態體系（ecosystem），從基地（hubs）的角色、政府的支持以及移動銀行服務三大支柱來深入探討肯亞的新創企業的生態體系。

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