三維街廓模型之精準度對於火災模擬影響之研究

Effect Factors Research of Fire Simulation from 3D Street Blocks Accuracy

10.6459/JCM.201209_9(2).0002

吳宗江(T. C. Wu)；蔡建隆(G. L. Tsai)

火災模擬 ； FDS ； 三維模型 ； Fire simulation ； FDS ； 3D model

危機管理學刊

9卷2期（2012 / 09 / 01）

9 - 18

繁體中文

街廓狹窄的老舊住宅區一但發生火災經常導致人員逃生不易及大面積的毀損，除了保持高度的防火與逃生警戒外，如何透過火災模擬分析，有效的佈設消防設施成為降低災害規模的重要作為之一。以FDS軟體進行火災模擬已是分析火場常用的方法，但是對於戶外且空間較大之街廓火災類型，模擬過程中空間三維景物之模型建置，其精準程度可能影響模擬分析之成果。本研究選定一老舊住宅區，先以測量技術取得該區空間景物之尺寸，建置精準及簡易之三維模型，以相同之參數基準進行火災模擬。研究成果顯示，精準模型於火災蔓延之速度與方位均明顯不同於簡易模型，造成消防設施佈設及逃生路徑之規劃上有所差異。因此，火災模擬過程中空間模型的精準度成為更有效率的防災與減災策略制定的影響因素。

Fire disaster in an aged residential area usually leads to large-scale property damage, and causes human lives due to an inadequate street space to escape. To avoid such life and property losses, it is important to layout fire-fighting facilities properly, through a numerical simulation tool, to reduce the scale at the very beginning of fire with fire safety standards and escape alter system. Fire simulation is commonly used method using FDS, The precision of 3D space models will affect simulation results for the fire type of outdoor space and large space street blocks. In this study, selected an old residential area, and obtained the size of space scene by surveying technology, building accurate and simple 3D models, simulating fire using the same datum of parameters. The results show, accurate model is different from simple model in the fire spread speed and direction, resulting in difference of fire facilities layout and escape path planning. Therefore, the accurate space model in fire simulation is affective factor for more efficient disaster prevention mitigation strategy.

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