模擬八小時時差感對旅客進食的影響

The Effect of Simulated 8 Time Zone Difference Upon Food Intake

10.6572/JHHE.5(4).5

鍾潤華(Nun-Hwa Chung)；高紹源(Shao-Yuan Kao)

生理時鐘 ； 時差感 ； 旅客進食 ； Circadian rhythm ； jet lag ； food intake

餐旅暨家政學刊

5卷4期（2008 / 12 / 01）

409 - 424

繁體中文

旅客進食有很強的外源因素(exogenous component)，如環境、時間等因素，這些因素對要坐飛機旅客的進食(food intake)有很大的影響。但是內源因素(endogenous component)，如生理時鐘(circadian rhythm)，來自於身體內部的改變，與旅客進食的關係，則不如外源因素來的大。如果一直有這內源因素的存在的話，那麼當生理時鐘與睡醒週期(sleep-wake cycle)有不同調時，這時旅客進食與生理時鐘的關係會有怎樣的改變呢？影響旅客的食慾除了外在的環境之外，也許會有內在影響因素，如生理時鐘，而它所扮演的角色是否與外在的影響因素一樣重要呢？是本文主要探討的目的。有一種方式可以顯示出內源因素的存在，即在短時問內經過多個時差的飛行之後，因爲生理時鐘調整的非常的緩慢，無法馬上調整到新的時區，還是停留在原出發地的時問，在這樣的情形下時差感(jet lag)就產生。它的特徵是對食物的興趣與喜愛降低，在飯後覺得很容易飽，不容易消化，以及胃口也減低了。因此，在新時區的第一天及第二天與舊時區的旅客進食習慣，如熱食大小、胃口、飽食感、飯前的饑餓情況都有顯著的不同，然而在第三天，這些情形就恢復，與舊時區的旅客進食習慣沒有顯著的差異，即生理時鐘與旅客的食慾是有所關聯，但其關係則是非常的薄弱。從事田野(field study)調查，有一些不利的因素存在，如忙碌、情緒、旅客進食的供給、飛機起飛及到達的準確時間等無法克服，但這些不利因素卻可以在實驗室中一一克服。再者，實驗室中時問可以立即的改變到新時區的生活形態，在這樣的理想狀態下，還有一些因素能影響旅客進食的改變，且這些外源因素與生理時鐘無關則可以被移除。

The evidence to indicate that food intake had a strong exogenous component and only a weak endogenous component was outlined. If an endogenous component were substantial, then this would have considerable implications for individuals in circumstances such as after time-zone transitions and during night work when there is a desynchronisation between the sleep-wake cycle and body clock. One of the methods for demonstrating the presence of an endogenous component is a real time-zone transition. Immediately after transmeridian travel, the body clock (endogenous component) is unadjusted to the new local time. Jet lag occurs, as part of which the enjoyment of food decreases, indigestion is more prevalent and it is common to feel bloated after a meal. In addition, appetite is decreased. The results of indicated that the changed eating habits do not closely match the amount of jet lag that is perceived. Any link is weak, therefore. Moreover, altered food intake after a time-zone transition might reflect differences in the type of food that is available and/or the way it is prepared for eating as well as, or instead of, any effects due to an inappropriate phasing of the body clock. There are disadvantage to field studies of time-zone transitions that can be overcome in a laboratory-based study of a simulated time-zone transition. There is none of the ”hassle and bustle of events” associated with disruption of the normal routine, flight delays and general anxiety with the flights themselves. In addition, the laboratory clock can be changed instantaneously (so defining the exact time of the time-zone transition) and the food type and availability, as well as the lifestyle, can remain unchanged. Therefore, some of the reasons that might alter food intake and which are not due to the desynchronised body clock can be removed.

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