當代台灣漢語慣用轉喻：認知語言學取徑

A Cognitive Linguistic Account of Conventional Metonymies in Contemporary Mandarin Chinese in Taiwan

10.7118/JHSS.200806.0055

謝健雄(Jian-Shiung Shie)

當代台灣漢語 ； 慣用轉喻 ； 認知語法 ； 概念隱喻理論 ； 認知模式 ； 概念領域 ； 事件集合情境 ； contemporary Mandarin in Taiwan ； conventional metonymies ； cognitive grammar ； conceptual metaphor theory ； cognitive models ； conceptual domains ； scripts/scenarios

人文暨社會科學期刊

4卷1期（2008 / 06 / 01）

55 - 67

繁體中文

本文運用認知語法與概念隱喻理論的相關論述來辨認、探討台灣漢語中的慣用轉喻，並提出轉喻的兩種基本認知模式：「概念領域」、「事件集合情境」。這兩個認知模式是轉喻語言與轉喻思維之間的介面，也是語言知識與世界知識之間的連結。轉喻關聯提供了簡便的認知通路。轉喻關聯的對象是轉喻認知模式中的兩個概念，或是某概念與其所處的整個認知模式。因爲轉喻關聯對象之不同，所以產生了「部分代表整體」、「整體代表部分」、「部分代表部分」三大類的轉喻。這樣的取徑有其一貫性，足以全面而有系統地處理當代台灣漢語的慣用轉喻，並呈現慣用轉喻在認知層面的高度系統性，且可藉以統整轉喻的類別，不至於使轉喻的分類有漫無止境的傾向。

This paper explores conventional metonymies in contemporary Mandarin Chinese in Taiwan from the perspectives of Cognitive Grammar and Conceptual Metaphor Theory. Two basic cognitive models are proposed: (1) conceptual domains and (2) scripts or scenarios. Each of these two models can serve as an interface between metonymic thought and language. They also integrate linguistic knowledge with knowledge of the world, providing a mental access to the metonymic target. A metonymic linkage exists between (1) two concepts within the same cognitive model or (2) a whole cognitive model and a certain concept within that model. According to the metonymically linked concepts or models, metonymies are grouped into three categories: part for whole, whole for part, and part for part. Adopting such a consistent approach we can stop the proliferation of metonymical categories and account for all instances of conventional metonymies in contemporary Mandarin Chinese in Taiwan.

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