參與式競爭智慧知識系統的企業決策應用

A Knowledge-based System for Participatory Competitive Intelligence in Enterprise Decision Making

10.6188/JEB.2013.15(4).05

陳滄堯(Tsang-Yao Chen)；戚玉樑(Yu-Liang Chi)

競爭智慧 ； 決策參與 ； 決策模式 ； 知識本體 ； 語意規則 ； Competitive intelligence ； decision model ； participatory decision making ； ontology ； semantic rules

電子商務學報

15卷4期（2013 / 12 / 01）

541 - 566

繁體中文

目前競爭智慧（competitive intelligence）系統仍以企業內部的資訊傳遞為主，對於提供決策支援的延伸應用明顯不足。本研究聚焦於競爭智慧在延伸應用的改良，並訂定以「參與決策」為目標，嘗試在企業的組織管理與對手的新聞中，找出事件類型、決策模式、法則經驗及部門參與等的關係，據此建立競爭智慧的知識模型及應用系統。本研究以開發知識庫方式解題，並以設計知識模型為核心，主要設計包括：（1）領域本體，建立共通性的知識概念及實例，利用is-a關係表達知識分類架構，提供溝通及標準術語；（2）任務本體，建立目標導向的知識框架，利用has-a關係表達問題的組合；及（3）語意規則，建立推論隱性知識所需的規則。由實驗結果顯示：在新聞已傳遞正確之前提下，評估「決策模式正確率」及「部門權重正確率」等二項，均已接近100%的正確率，顯見本研究提出的知識模型，確可使競爭智慧系統由資訊傳遞的角色，提升到參與決策的延伸應用。

Existing Competitive Intelligence (CI) systems are mostly designed for CI information delivery and lack the extending application for decision support. This study focuses on the improvement of CI's application for decision and takes participatory decision support as research objective. This study seeks to build a CI knowledge model and to develop an application system by identifying concepts of and relations among the instance types, decision models, rules of thumb, and functional participation from the enterprise organization and CI news about competitors. This study uses knowledge base system development as a solution. This study uses knowledge-based system development as the approach of solving the research problem with the design of knowledge model as the core. Major research design components of this study includes: (1) a Domain Ontology for establishing common knowledge concepts and instances using is-a relations to express the knowledge categorization structure and to provide a standard terminology set for ontology communication; (2) a Task Ontology to establish an objective-oriented knowledge framework using has-a relations to express the combination of questions; and (3) Semantic Rules to develop the rules for inferring implicit knowledge. The case experiment results show that, under the condition of correct delivery of news entries, the individual news entries have achieved close to 100% correctness in Decision Model Correctness Rate and Departmental Weighting Correctness Rate. It is evidenced that the knowledge model proposed in this study has extended the application of CI from information delivery to the extended support for participatory decision.

1. 戚玉樑(2009)。發展具有解析使用者認知能力的專家系統於提升資訊查詢效能。資訊管理學報，16(1)，47-66。
   連結：
2. 許中川、陳景揆(2001)。探勘中文新聞文件。資訊管理學報，7(2)，103-122。
   連結：
3. Svátek, V., Nemrava, J., Roček, V., & Rauch, J. (2010). Building and integrating competi-tive intelligence reports using the topic map technology. Retrieved August 12, 2012, from http://nb.vse.cz/~svatek/tmra09ci.pdf
4. CIseek.com. (2012). Competitive intelligence resource index. Retrieved August 20, 2012, from http://bidigital.com/ci/
5. Borysowich, C. (2006). Effective group decision making techniques. Retrieved August 17, 2012, from http://it.toolbox.com/blogs/enterprise-solutions/effective-group-decision-making-techniques-11156
6. SCIP. (2012). SCIP vision and mission statements. Retrieved August 12, 2012, from http://www.scip.org/about/content.cfm?itemnumber=580&navItemNumber=503
7. Kotter, J. (2011). HBR Blog Network - Hierarchy and network: Two structures, on organization. Retrieved August 12, 2012, from http://blogs.hbr.org/kotter/2011/05/two-structures-one-organizatio.html
8. Noy, N. F., & McGuinness, D. L. (2001). Ontology development 101: A guide to creating your first ontology. Retrieved August 12, 2012, from http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-01-05.html
9. Fuld, L. (2012). What is Competitive Intelligence? Retrieved July 31, 2012, from http://www.fuld.com/company/what-is-competitive-intelligence/
10. Foundation Coalition. (2003). Methods for decision making (Effective decision making in teams: Methods). Retrieved September 3, 2012, from http://www.foundationcoalition.org/home/keycomponents/teams/decision2.html
11. Ashmos, D. P.,Duchon, D.,McDaniel, R. R.(1998).Participation in strategic decision making: The role of organizational predisposition and issue interpretation.Decision Sciences,29(1),25-51.
12. Bernhardt, D. C.(1994)."I want it fast, factual, actionable" - Tailoring competitive intelligence to executives' needs.Long Range Planning,27(1),12-24.
13. Chen, H.,Chau, M.,Zeng, D.(2002).CI Spider: A tool for competitive intelligence on the Web.Decision Support Systems,34(1),1-17.
14. Chi, Y.-L.(2010).Rule-based ontological knowledge base for monitoring partners across supply networks.Expert Systems with Applications,37(2),1400-1407.
15. Chi, Y.-L.(2007).Elicitation synergy of extracting conceptual tags and hierarchies in textual document.Expert Systems with Applications,32(2),349-357.
16. Dai, Y.,Kakkonen, T.,Sutinen, E.(2011).MinEDec: A decision-support model that combines text-mining technologies with two competitive intelligence analysis methods.International Journal of Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications,3,165-173.
17. du Toit, A. S. A.(2003).Competitive intelligence in the knowledge economy: What is in it for South African manufacturing enterprises?.International Journal of Information Management,23(2),111-120.
18. El Haddadi, A.,Dousset, B.,Berrada, I.(2010).Xplor EveryWhere-A tool for competitive intelligence on the web and mobile.VSST 2010 The Seminar of Strategic, Scientific and Technological Watch,Toulouse, France:
19. Farcot, R.,Kades, T.(2004).Digital dashboard technology-Visualize the possibilities.Competitive Intelligence Magazine,7(4),57-59.
20. Gilad, B.(2003).Early warning: Using competitive intelligence to anticipate market shifts, control risk, and create powerful strategies.New York, NY:AMACOM.
21. Guarino, N.(1995).Formal ontology, conceptual analysis and knowledge representation.International Journal of Human Computer Studies,43(5),625-640.
22. Horrocks, I.,Patel-Schneider, P. F.,Van Harmelen, F.(2003).From SHIQ and RDF to OWL: The making of a web ontology language.Journal of Web Semantics,1(1),7-26.
23. Li, J.,Huang, M.,Zhu, X.(2006).An ontology-based mining system for competitive intelligence in neuroscience.Proceedings of the 1st WICI International Conference on Web Intelligence meets Brain Informatics (WImBI'06),Beijing, China:
24. Liautaud, B.,Hammond, M.(2000).E-business intelligence: Turning information into knowledge into profit.New York, NY:McGraw-Hill.
25. Liu, C.,Yang, D.,Wang, Y.(2011).Domain ontology and semantic web applications for study of web competitive intelligence analysis system.International Journal of Web Science,1(1),99-113.
26. Luhn, H. P.(1958).A business intelligence system.IBM Journal of Research and Development,2(4),314 -319.
27. McGonagle, J. J.,Vella, C. M.(2002).A case for competitive intelligence: 90% of the information a company needs to understand its market and competitors and to make key decisions is already public.Information Management Journal,36(4),35-40.
28. McGonagle, J. J.,Vella, C. M.(2012).Proactive intelligence: The successful executive's guide to intelligence.London:Springer-Verlag.
29. Meziane, F.,Rezgui, Y.(2004).A document management methodology based on similarity contents.Information Sciences,158,15-36.
30. Miller, S. H.,Bentley, S.(1998).CI Newswatch: Microsoft, Motorola Declared CI "Eagles".Competitive Intelligence Magazine,1(1),5-6.
31. Prescott, J. E.(1999).The evolution of competitive intelligence: Designing a process for action.Proposal Management,1999(Spring),37-52.
32. Sauter, V. L.(2005).Competitive intelligence systems: Qualitative DSS for strategic decision making.ACM SIGMIS Database,36(2),43-57.
33. Slater, S. F.,Narver, J. C.(1994).Market-orientation, customer value, and superior performance.Business Horizons,37(2),22-28.
34. Uschold, M.,Gruninger, M.(1996).Ontologies: Principles, methods and applications.The Knowledge Engineering Review,11(2),93-136.
35. Vibert, C.(2000).Web-based analysis for competitive intelligence.WestPort, CT:Green-wood Publishing Group.
36. Vreiens, D.(Ed.)(2004).Information and Communication Technology for Competitive Intelligence.Hershey, PA:IGI Global.
37. Vroom, V. H.,Jago, A. G.(1995).Situation effects and levels of analysis in the study of leader participation.The Leadership Quarterly,6(2),169-181.
38. Zhao, J.,Jin, P.(2011).Extraction and credibility evaluation of Web-based competitive intelligence.Journal of Software,6(8),1513-1520.
39. Zhao, J.,Jin, P.(2009).Ontological foundation for enterprise competitive intelligence in the web.Proceedings of the 2009 International Symposium on Information Processing,Huangshan, P. R. China:
40. Ziegler, C.-N.(2012).Mining for strategic competitive intelligence: Foundations and applications.Berlin, Heidelberg:Springer.