物料運輸成本的聯合－訂貨和生產批量模型研究

A Study on the Joint Materials Ordering and Manufacturing Lot Sizes Model Considering the Transportation Cost of Materials

桂華明(Hua-Ming Gui)

物料運輸成本 ； 聯合訂貨和生產批量 ； 物料訂貨模式 ； Transportation cost ； Integrated procurement-production lot size ； Materials ordering pattern

東亞論壇

480期（2013 / 06 / 01）

13 - 25

繁體中文

考慮單位物料運輸成本對訂貨批量敏感時，建立了製造商的聯合物料採購與生產批量決策模型，數學分析和算例研究表明：當物料加工成完工產品時增值越多，物料訂貨成本與生產準備成本的比值越大，單位物料的運輸成本對訂貨批量越敏感時，物料訂貨批量相比單批產品生產所需物料數量的倍數越大，製造商宜採用EOQ的物料訂貨模式，反之，則宜採用JIT的物料訂貨模式。此外，在單位物料的運輸成本對物料的訂貨批量較敏感的情況下，單位時間的需求量越小，製造商宜採用JIT的物料訂貨模式。但在物料訂貨成本較低和單位物料的運輸成本對訂貨批量較不敏感時，無論單位時間的需求量多大，都宜採用JIT的物料訂貨模式，而且需求量越大，相比生產批次的訂貨次數越多。

This research studies prerequisite conditions considering for EOQ and JIT. The transportation cost of unit material sensitive to the order quantity, an integrated procurement-production lot sizes decision model of manufacturers was constructed. Mathematical analysis and numerical illustrations show: the more the added value of unit finished product by manufacturing processes which convert the materials into the finished products, the larger the ratio of the materials ordering cost to the manufacturer's set up cost, the more sensitive to the materials ordering quantity the transportation cost of unit material, the larger the multiple of the materials ordering quantity compared to the production batch, the more the manufacturer should use the EOQ if ordering pattern, on otherwise it is advised to adopt the JIT materials ordering pattern. In addition, the transportation cost of unit material is more sensitive to the materials ordering quantity, the smaller the demand per unit time, the manufacturer is more appropriate to adopt the JIT pattern. However, when the materials ordering cost is lower and the transportation cost of unit material is less sensitive to the materials ordering quantity, regardless of what the demand per unit time is, the manufacture is more to adopt the JIT ordering pattern, and the greater the demand, the higher the frequency of materials ordering should be.

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