上學這條路：兩歲兒從家庭進入幼兒園之銜接研究

Two-Year-Old Children's Transition from Family to Preschool: An Ecological Systems Approach

萊素珠(Su-Chu Lai)；廖鳳瑞(Fong-Ruey Liaw)

生態系統理論 ； 生態銜接 ； 居間系統 ； 家園互動 ； Ecological Systems Theory ； Ecological Transitions ； Mesosystem ； Family-Preschool Interaction

臺中教育大學學報：教育類

28卷2期（2014 / 12 / 01）

69 - 92

繁體中文

本研究從生態系統理論居間系統觀點，探討兩位兩歲兒從家庭進入幼兒園的銜接經驗與適應過程及影響其適應的因素。研究採取質性研究參與觀察方式進行，從家庭決定送兩歲兒上幼兒園並同意參與本研究開始，到兩歲兒適應幼兒園結束，為期三個月。觀察及訪談資料運用主題分析法萃取出兩位兩歲兒上學經驗的主題。研究發現，生態系統理論的支持性連結原則的運作，攸關兩歲兒的適應表現。關乎兩歲兒入園適應的不只是以往強調的銜接策略（如入園前參訪、作息時間調整、生活物品的準備、入園陪伴），還包括家庭和幼兒園各自微系統內的正向互動（家人的共識與支持、幼兒的主動參與、同儕的扶持）、家庭和幼兒園所建立的居間系統的合力網絡（角色要求相容、雙方權力的調整與平衡、支持性連結）。這些因素交織成一個綿密的網絡，相互牽連而拉扯著兩歲兒入園路的軌道，當各層面交織融合時，幼兒的適應順遂，當其中有一因素出現斷裂時，便對幼兒的適應產生干擾或阻礙。

The purpose of this study was to understand two two-year-old children's experience of family-preschool transition, taking the mesosystem concept of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory. Participant observation method was used to tap into the complicated interconnected networks among child, family, and preschool over a 3-month period. Data collected from field observations, interviews, and documents were analyzed with thematic analysis method. The results supported most of ecological systems theory's mesosystem concepts, including multisetting participation, intersetting knowledge, child's active participation, compatible role demands, goal consensus, balance of power, and supportive links, and the power of the interconnectedness of the child-family-preschool network..

1. 林雨柔、陳怡茹、萊素珠(2013)。從生態系統理論之配對關係初探新移民家庭子女之幼兒園適應。臺中教育大學學報，27(1)，77-94。
   連結：
2. Blatchford, P.,Battle, S.,Mays, J.(1984).The first transition.Surrey, UK:NFER-Nelson.
3. Bronfenbrenner, U.(1979).The ecology of human development.Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
4. Creswell, J. W.(2009).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches.Los Angeles, CA:Sage.
5. Dalli, C.(1999).New Zealand,Victoria University of Wellington.
6. Daniel, J.,Shapiro, J.(1996).Infant transitions: Home to center-based child care.Child & Youth Care Forum,25(2),111-123.
7. De Schipper, J. C.,Tavecchio, L. W. C.,Van IJzendoorn, M. H.,Van Zeijl, J.(2004).Goodness-of-fit in center day care: Relations of temperament, stability, and quality of care with the child's adjustment.Early Childhood Research Quarterly,19,257-272.
8. Diamond, K.,Spiegel-McGill, P.,Hanrahan, P.(1988).Planning for school transition: An ecological-developmental approach.Journal of the Division for Early Childhood,12(3),245-252.
9. Fein, G. F.,Gariboldi, A.,Boni, R.(1993).The adjustment of infants and toddlers to group care: The first 6 months.Early Childhood Research Quarterly,8,1-14.
10. Feldbaum, C. L.,Christenson, T. E.,O'Neal, E.(1980).An observational study of the assimilation of newcomer to the preschool.Child Development,51,497-507.
11. Fernie, D. E.,Kantor, R.,Klein, E. L.,Meyer, C.,Elgas, P. M.(1988).Becoming students and becoming ethnographers in a preschool.Journal of Research in Childhood Education,3(2),132-141.
12. Hartman, J. A.(1989).Separation distress of a Chinese-American toddler at preschool: A case study.Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association
13. Jewsuwan, R.,Luster, T.,Kostelnik, M.(1993).The relation between parents' perceptions of temperament and children's adjustment to preschool.Early Childhood Research Quarterly,8,33-51.
14. Jorde, P.(1984).Transitions: The influence of parent's attitudes and behaviors on the adjustment of 2-year-olds to a new school experience.Annual Convention of the National Association for the Education of Young Children
15. La Paro, Karen M,Kraft-Sayre, Marcia,Pianta, Robert C(2003).Preschool to kindergarten transition activities: Involvement and satisfaction of families and teachers.Journal of Research in Childhood Education,17(2),147-158.
16. Peak, L.(1991).Learning to go to school in Japan: The transition from home to preschool life.Berkeley, CA:University of California Press.
17. Peters, D. L.(Ed.),Kontos, S.(Ed.)(1987).Continuity and discontinuity of experience in child care.Norwood, NJ:Ablex.
18. Petrie, A. J.,Davidson, I.(1995).Toward a grounded theory of parent preschool involvement.Early Child Development and Care,111,5-17.
19. Pianta, R. C.,Rimm-Kaufman, S. E.,Cox, M. J.(1999).Introduction: An ecological approach to kindergarten transition.The transition to kindergarten,Baltimore, MD:
20. Silvern, S. B.(1988).Continuity/discontinuity between home and early childhood education environments.The Elementary School Journal,89(2),147-159.
21. Thyssen, S.(2000).The child's start in daycare.Early Child Development and Care,161,33-46.
22. Vasta, R.(Ed.)(1989).Annals of child development.Greenwich, CT:JAI Press.
23. 吳國淳譯、Kellaghan, T.、Sloane, K.、Alvarez, B.、Bloom, B. S.(1996)。家庭環境與學校學習。臺北市:五南。
24. 呂淑芳、陳若琳(2007)。家長參與新生幼兒入園準備及幼兒在幼稚園適應之相關研究。輔仁民生學誌，13(2)，85-101。
25. 林美嫦(2006)。「過渡」概念的最新發展。香港幼兒學報，5(1)，5-10。
26. 林雅婷(2005)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺北市，國立臺灣師範大學。
27. 高淑清(2008)。質性研究的 18 堂課：首航初探之旅。高雄市:麗文文化。
28. 國立中正大學教育學研究所編(2000)。質的研究方法。高雄市:麗文文化。
29. 陳竹華譯、Ames, L. B.、Ilg, F. L.(1990)。你的兩歲孩子：又好氣又惹人愛憐的年齡。臺北市:信誼。
30. 蔡育琦(2005)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。屏東縣，國立屏東科技大學。

1. 廖鳳瑞、萊素珠(2015)。媽媽，我「也」要去上學：一位有哥哥的兩歲兒幼兒園適應之研究。臺中教育大學學報：教育類，29(1)，37-58。
2. 羅子鈞、鄭以晨、萊素珠(2014)。幼兒策略行動初探—以親子互動及師生互動為例。健康科技期刊，2(1)，81-99。
3. (2020)。兩歲特殊幼兒上學了：親師合作實施個別化教育計畫之研究。教育學報，48(1)，87-107。