宗白華書法美學初探

Study on Zong Baihua's Aesthetics of Calligraphy

張素升

宗白華 ； 書法 ； 美學 ； 永字八法 ； Zong Baihua ； Calligraphy ； Aesthetics ； Eight Principles of Yong

明道學術論壇

10卷4期（2018 / 12 / 01）

11 - 25

繁體中文

宗白華是美學的耕耘者，本論文旨在探究其書法美學思想，彰顯書藝的精神內涵及重要性。首先，分析宗白華的生平背景，明白其美學思想之淵源為何；其次，探究宗白華的書法意境美學，領悟情景交融的內涵；再者，探討宗白華對書藝中用筆、結體、章法等基本範疇的詮釋。本文採用文獻資料法、歸納法、美學思想分析法等。大致言之，第一，宗白華生長在文人世家，受到周易、儒家、道家、禪宗的思想薰陶，留學德國時，則受康德和叔本華等的哲學影響，合而成為宗白華的美學基石。第二，「書法意境」是書家從生活中體驗，寫出有意味的書法藝術，以張旭為例，其酣醉後，快速書寫，抒發其喜怒憂悲的情緒，印證書法的情景交融。第三，宗白華論書法範疇，其中用筆以智永的永字八法為依歸，結體以歐陽詢的真書字體結構法三十六條為規律，章法以相管領和應接為原則。宗白華提出「書法美學」，影響後世深遠，在書法史上功不可沒。

Zong Baihua is a cultivator of aesthetics, which possesses diverse aesthetic ideology, as well as to highlight its spiritual connotation and importance. The study analyzes Zong Baihua's life and background and gains insights into the origin of his aesthetic ideology. It also inquires the realm aesthetics of Zong Baihua's calligraphy and perceives its connotation of the blend of emotion and scenery. Furthermore, the study explores Zong Baihua's interpretation on the basic categories in calligraphy such as brush techniques, structures of characters, and the layout of characters in a work. This study adopted several research methods including document research, inductive method, and analysis of aesthetic ideology. There are three main points based on the analysis: (1) Zong Baihua, who was cultivated by the ideology of Zhouyi, Confucianism, Taoism, and Zen growing up in the literary family and influenced by Immanuel Kant's and Arthur Schopenhauer's philosophies studying in Germany, developed his unique aesthetic foundation. (2) The realm of calligraphy is the significant calligraphy art created by a calligrapher through his life experience; for instance, Zhang Xu performed his cursive art after being drunk and expressed his emotions such as happiness, melancholy and sadness in support of the blend of emotion and scenery of calligraphy. (3) Based on Zong Baihu's discussions on calligraphic categories, his brush techniques conform to Zhiyong's Eight Principles of Yong, his structures of characters follows Ouyang Xun's Thirty- Six Rules in the character structure of regular script, and his layout of characters in a work is built on the principle of ＂Xiang Guanling＂ (i.e. the rule on the continuation of the energy flow) and ＂Yinjie＂ (i.e. the principle of act-and response). Zong Baihua, who proposed aesthetics of calligraphy, has a profound influence on later generations and his contribution to calligraphy should not be neglected.

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