節慶中舞龍舞獅的起源、演變及功能

The Origin, Transformation, and Function of Dragon and Lion Dance in Festivals

10.6782/BCJ.201112.0050

顏碧嬅(Pi-Hua Yen)；許光麃(Kuang-Piao Hsu)

節慶 ； 舞龍 ； 舞獅 ； festival ； dragon dance ； lion dance

身體文化學報

13期（2011 / 12 / 01）

49 - 61

繁體中文

龍為十二生肖之一，每到龍年生肖之際，生育率就會大幅提升，華人社會都希望產下龍子、龍女，即寄望下一代能夠出人頭地。獅在古代貴族當中彰顯祥瑞招財，且有震懾避邪之意。本研究目的：一、節慶中舞龍舞獅的起源與演變。二、節慶中舞龍舞獅的意義與功能。研究步驟採網路資料蒐集，根據舞龍舞獅的屬性與特色進行文獻分析，並透過圖書館借閱有關舞龍舞獅的書籍和期刊。所得結論如下：（一）舞龍舞獅起源於華人地區作為祭祀祖先、祈求甘雨的一種儀式，並演化娛樂活動，更尊崇為慶典禮儀，增添熱鬧的氣氛，象徵吉祥與好運。現今舞龍舞獅已邁向競技走向，有亞洲舞龍公開賽、全國中華盃、大甲媽祖國際觀光文化節全國龍獅錦標賽。（二）舞龍舞獅在節慶中具有祈求風調雨順與五穀豐收，祈福庇佑減少災難，冀望子孫繁衍、旺丁興族，節慶當中舞龍舞獅為娛樂活動，藉以社交活動及凝聚民族精神，且達到悍衛家園及強健身體之功能。

The dragon is one of the 12 symbolic animals associated with a 12-year cycle in China. Every time the year of dragon comes, fertility rate will be looking up drastically. In the Chinese communities, every parent wants their baby to be born in the year of dragon so that the baby can make a success in the future. In the viewpoints of ancient aristocracy the lion stands for being auspicious and wealth-creating, and denotes awe-inspiring and avoiding evil spirits. The purpose of this study is to explore (1) The origin and transformation of the dragon and lion dance in a festival and (2) The meaning and function of the dragon and lion dance in a festival. The approach to the study is to garner materials on the Internet, books and periodicals in the library, then conduct a literature analysis of the dragon and lion dance by its attributes. The conclusions are as follows: Firstly, the dragon and lion dance originated in Chinese communities as a ritual to worship ancestors and pray for rain, and by degrees it changed into an activity for recreation. Secondly, it has been seen as a ceremony to bring along good luck and add to an atmosphere of excitement. Nowadays the dragon and lion dance has become a kind of competition, including Asian Dragon Dance Open Championship, National Chung-Hwa Cup, and National Dragon & Lion Dance Championship held during Dachia Matsu International Tourism Cultural Festival. Finally, the dragon and lion dance is aimed at praying for the seasonable weather for crop raising, less bad luck, and more children to make the family prosperous. In the festival the dragon and lion is seen as recreational activities. On this occasion one becomes acquainted with one another, and thus the national spirit can be upheld. As a result, the nation can be safeguarded and people in it can be strong and healthy.

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