日本琵琶湖馬拉松賽會管理及措施

Race Management and Operation of the Lake Biwa Mainichi Marathon in Japan

10.6782/BCJ.201406_(18).0005

許績勝(Gi-Sheng Hsu)

馬拉松 ； 琵琶湖馬拉松 ； 賽會管理 ； marathon ； Lake Biwa marathon ； race management

身體文化學報

18期（2014 / 06 / 01）

91 - 115

繁體中文

馬拉松賽會的舉辦，不論是幾百人的競賽型馬拉松，亦或是近十餘萬人參與的綜合型馬拉松，其所動用的人力、物力、財力都是非常的龐大。本文研究的目的：首先探討日本琵琶湖馬拉松路線與大會規定，進而分析賽事人員安排及競賽設備配置，最後探究競賽考量與相關規定。本文藉由筆者的自身參與觀察、現場觀察拍照、訪談、競賽秩序冊、論文、期刊、報章、網路資訊、蒐集相關資料，經閱讀、分析，加上自身經驗撰寫成本文，整理之後所得結論如下：一、琵琶湖馬拉松位在日本本州中部南端的滋賀縣境內，比賽路線是沿琵琶湖南岸來回折返進行，被國際田徑總會（IAAF）列為馬拉松金牌賽事。因此，大會對於參賽資格、停賽時間、報名、報到、飲料、供水站等規範，均達國際一流競賽之水準。二、賽事人員有大會工作人員、交通警察、外國選手接待人員、選手優惠措施、特別來賓之邀請、主要贊助商之安排。相關設備有計時器、水站及告示牌，車輛有廣播車、前導車、轉播車、裁判車等，以及賽事里程標示牌、終點空間安排選手等各類人員休息區，大會設施安排細緻體貼。三、琵琶湖馬拉松主辦單位將比賽日期安排於春初，有利於選手創造優異成績，並利用馬拉松賽事提振日本全國民心士氣，藉以提升日本馬拉松的競技水準，且為求公平，大會設有禁藥檢查機制，得獎者須安排接受禁藥檢測。

Hosting a marathon race requires a tremendous amount of manpower, materials, and financial resources whether it's a competitive marathon or a participatory marathon. The purpose of this study was to look over the course and regulation of the Lake Biwa Marathon, to analyze its personal designation and equipment deployment, and then to review the race considerations and other related regulations. Research data involved participant observation, pictures, interviews, race program, theses, journals, newspapers, and Internet information. Based on rigid review, analysis, and participation experience, the significant findings were summarized as follows: (1) Lake Biwa is located in Shiga Prefecture (the south central region of Honshu) and the route was designed to circulate the south shore of Lake Biwa. The race satisfied the requirements of the elite international race (i.e., eligibility, time limit, registration, pre-race check-in, drinks, and water stations) and was rated the ＂gold marathon race＂ by International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). (2) The personnel included race staff, police officers, and reception staff (for foreign runners, VIPs, and sponsors). Equipments included timing system, water stations, and signage. Vehicles included broadcasting vehicle, leading vehicle, transmission vehicle, and officiating vehicle. Other race constituents, such as mile markers and resting area at the finish line, were also well arranged by the organizing committee. (3) The organizing committee of the Lake Biwa Marathon purposefully scheduled the race day in early spring in an attempt to enhance runners' performance. The marathon race can boost the morale of the Japanese citizens and also ascend the competition level of marathon in Japan. To ensure fair run, the race enforced doping control scheme. All winners were subject to testing following the race.

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