由《壹百良方自療法》論日治時期台灣漢醫用藥

On the Discourse of Han Medicine in Japanese-Ruled Taiwan via Text "One Hundred Good Formulae for Self-Healing"

10.6968/TJCCM.202401_30(1).0005

殷揚智(Yang-Chih YIN)；林昭庚(Jaung-Geng LIN)

良方 ； 日本時代 ； 漢醫 ； Good Formulae ； Japanese-Ruled Taiwan ； Han Medicine

台灣中醫臨床醫學雜誌

30卷1期（2024 / 01 / 01）

67 - 83

繁體中文;英文

日治時期傳統中醫學在台灣的發展，一直是個值得深入研究的課題，四百多年前漢人移民到台灣，因為生活需求，也將來自中國的傳統醫學帶到台灣，歷經數百年的發展，逐漸地在台灣被稱為「漢醫」，漢醫呈現出中國的中醫有著極大的差距，舉凡在用藥用方、學理依據上，台灣漢醫因地制宜，在傳統中醫臨床經驗，加入台灣本土青草藥物的應用，而醫學哲理雖承襲《內經》、《傷寒論》之外，也因19世紀的傳染病頻繁，與中國相同的在主流醫學內加入大量「溫病」治則的思想，但不同的是，台灣漢醫懂得融合各種理論，發展出屬於自身的特色；例如黃玉階治療鼠疫，以傳經、直中、內結等「傷寒論」的專有名詞，加諸在治療鼠疫的專書中，但治療上卻以「是症用是方」的溫病理論，而漢醫粘恩明，以經脈學說論述鼠疫，「……故毒中太陽陽明少陽之脈……」，在當時兩岸醫家皆少有如此論述，可以看出當時漢醫的發展，雖殖民政府壓抑，卻因民間支持，發展出自我的特色，本論文將以日治時期的三個面向：漢醫在專病治療專書、漢醫藥經典、民間驗方書，一窺當時漢醫藥在台灣民間走過的痕跡。《壹百良方自療法》（簡稱《壹百》）一書由台南藥種商許水（簡稱許氏）所著，整本書的編排有著當時台灣驗方書特色，內容多元非以專病為主，將常見疾病分列眼科、肛門科、婦人科、外科、內科、花柳科、小兒科，從此書中可以看出日治時期的常見疾病，書本精簡僅三十頁，且雖以中文書寫，但需要以台語閱讀，文中有大量台語讀音以漢字做論述，藥名口語化、用方精簡化等特色，本文將對此書做全面的分析，並配合上統計等研究方法，將某病用藥最頻繁出現之藥物，做精簡的藥理分析，並藉此觀察台灣人面臨醫藥不備的環境中，如何從家中必備的驗方書中，尋找治療的方向與方法。

Han people immigrated to Taiwan more than 400 years ago. Due to their living needs, they also brought traditional (Chinese) medicine to Taiwan. After hundreds of years of development, it gradually became known as "Han Medicine" in Taiwan. Han Medicine presents the traditional medicine of China. There is a huge gap. In terms of medication and academic theory, Taiwanese Han medicine adapts to local conditions. Based on the clinical experience of traditional medicine, it adds the application of Taiwan's local herbal medicines. For example, in the treatment of plague, the proper terminology of "Treatise on Febrile Disease" is used in the treatment. The febrile disease theory of "appropriate prescription is used according to the symptom". The book "One Hundred Good Formulae for Self-Healing" was written by HSU Shui, a Tainan medicine dealer. The layout of the entire book has the characteristics of Taiwan's prescription books at that time. The content is diverse and not focused on specialized diseases. It is read in Taiwanese, and there are lots of Taiwanese characters in the text. The pronunciation of the book is discussed in Chinese characters, the drug names are colloquial, and the prescriptions are simplified. This article makes a comprehensive analysis of the book, uses statistical and research methods to make a streamlined pharmacology of the drugs that are most frequently used for a certain disease. Analyze and use this to observe how Taiwanese people, faced with an environment where medicines are unprepared, find treatment methods from prescription books that are essential at home.