網球發球手腕旋內與旋外方式比較之研究

The Study of the Athletics of the Serves in Pronation or Supination in Tennis

10.6194/SCS.2010.18.08

劉佳哲(Chia-Che Liu)；洪得明(Der-Ming Hong)；黃建賓(Chien-Pin Hwang)

平擊式發球 ； 上旋式發球 ； 旋內式發球 ； 旋外式發球 ； flat serve ； top spin serve ； pronation serve ； supination serve

運動教練科學

18期（2010 / 06 / 01）

84 - 100

繁體中文

目的：本研究主要針對網球比賽中最能進行有效攻擊的發球進行研究，主要探討重點為平擊式與上旋式發球中，手腕轉動方向為旋內或旋外式間的運動學參數差異，並針對球速與進球率分析各種發球方式的優缺點。方法：以國立體育學院男子網球隊六名隊員進行測試所得之資料進行數據分析，透過二度空間(2D)影片分析法以及運動學的角度來分析探討網球選手使用旋內、旋外發球方式對運動學參數的影響。以相依樣本t考驗(t-test)的方法比較受試者在不同的發球型態，運動學參數的差異。根據研究結果獲得以下結論：以球速而言，旋內發球較旋外發球球速快（平擊或上旋式發球皆同），原因在於旋內發球的腕關節甩動時的運動軌跡較符合人體工學，可有較快的球拍頭速度與較大的力量進行擊球。就進球率而言，平擊式旋外發球與上旋式旋內發球進球率較高，因旋內發球腕關節線性速度較快，擊球後可使球有較快的旋轉與下墜速度而有較穩定的進球率。平擊式發球時球上升的幅度本就較上旋式發球小，以較高速旋轉的手腕旋內發法，容易造成球下墜時間過快而降低其進球率，需以旋外發法擊球以提升其進球率。

Purpose: The emphasis of the study was to investigate the best progressing efficacious offensive serve in tennis competition. The purpose was to inquire the parameter discrepancy of kinematics in tennis; whether it is the pronated or the supinated positions in the wrist twirl direction of a flat serve movement or a topspin serve movement. And also it was aim at the speed of the ball and the percentage of hits to analyze the merit and shortcoming of all kinds of the serve patterns in tennis. Method: In this research, six young male tennis players, who study at The National College of Physical Education and Sports, served as subjects during the testing. Gathering the data was an important part of our progress. A 2D film was used for the purpose of investigating and analyzing the serve pattern of tennis players in different positions, either the pronation or the supination with the influence of kinematic parameters. The process of the t-test compared testees in different serve patterns, the discrepancy of kinematic parameters. We discovered that the speed of the ball, no matter the pronation in a flat serve movement or a topspin serve movement is faster than the supination. The reason was that the wrist of the pronation swing corresponded with ergonomics. The speed of the racquet head swings in hitting balls could have faster and greater strength. As the percentage of the hits, respectively, the supination in a flat serve movement and the pronation in a topspin serve movement are higher. The reason was the wrist linear velocity was faster. The speed of the hits determine the speed of the spin and the speed of the fall of the ball. Eventually, the pronations of a topspin serve could make the ball fall faster in a flying procedure and the percentage of the hits more stabilized. On the other hand, the ball in a flat serve rise range is smaller than a topspin serve. Consequently, the high speed in the pronation hitting balls can cause the falling range to larger, time of falling faster, and the percentage of the hits to be lower. It was necessary to use a supination to promote the percentage of hits.

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