影響划槳效率的因素探討

Investigation of Biomechanical Factors Affecting Rowing Efficiency

10.6194/SCS.2014.36.07

陳文和(Wen-Her Chen)

划船 ； 流體力學 ； 阻力 ； rowing stroke ； hydrodynamic ； resistance

運動教練科學

36期（2014 / 12 / 01）

81 - 93

繁體中文

目的：本文之目的為划船運動划槳效率提升相關性之探討，透過文獻整理方式歸納出划船運動生物力學方面的研究，除了動力學及運動學研究之外，也有針對船、槳等器材流體動力性能相關的探討，其目的是提高划槳的推進力和減小船前進的阻力。結果：本文針對划船運動中人、船、槳之間的相對運動和相互作用間做一探討，得出在選手方面須針對動力學與運動學參數獲得個別的槳頻、角度、力量、功率以作個別化的訓練與多人艇搭配。船艇方面需因應不同場地及天候狀況下的訓練及比賽狀態，藉此微調選手和船隻的設置。划槳方面則以在槳架前後25°~30°左右為效率最高的推進區域，且槳葉入水深度為10公分左右為最宜。結論：未來研究走向則建議如淺水效應影響、計算精度的提高、四人艇、八人艇等，利用波形測量計算波浪阻力，研究划船減阻的辦法，特別是優化船型、浸水面積小的優良船型的研究等等。並針對划船選手應用已研究的成果，對他們體能指標進行監控，制定出切實可行的辦法來，由此科學地指導訓練。

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the stroke effectiveness of rowing by literature review of rowing biomechanics researches. The common sports biomechanics research methods are not only about dynamics and kinematics, but also about hydromechanics researches of equipment like boats and oars. Its purpose is to increase the power of stroke and to decrease the resistance of moving the boat. Result: This essay is going to focus on the discussion of relative motion and interaction among rower, boat, oar and water to come up with specialization training and to pair up the athletes according to individual stroke rate, angle, power and watt from the parameter of kinetics and kinematics. As to the rowing boat, the arrangement of the athletes and the boats should change according to trainings and competitions in different locations and weather conditions. The most efficient way of stroke is to paddle 25°~30° back and forth the oarlock and the blade should be in the water for about 10 centimeters. Conclusion: The suggestions to further researches are the effect of shallow water, improvement of accuracy, four and eight, calculating wave resistance with waveform measurements, ways to reduce rowing resistance especially of optimized boats with small inundation area. Then, train the athletes with a practical and scientific way by applying the research results and monitor their physical indicators.

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