题名

影響後空翻動作著地穩定性因素及肌力訓練之探討

并列篇名

Factors Influencing Backflip Landing Stability and Strength Training: An Investigation

DOI

10.6194/SCS.2015.38.06

作者

林高正(Kao-Cheng Lin);李敏華(Ming-Hua Lee);邱茂華(Mao-Hua Chiu)

关键词

競技體操 ; 技術分析 ; 肌力訓練 ; 穩定 ; competitive gymnastics ; technical analysis ; strength training ; stability

期刊名称

運動教練科學

卷期/出版年月

38期(2015 / 06 / 01)

页次

71 - 81

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

基於後空翻動作著地時能有較佳的穩定性表現,因此,現階段絕大多數競技體操選手在不同單項實施結束動作時後空翻系列動作是首要選項。由於著地穩定性的優劣會嚴重影響專項成績高低及運動傷害的發生,所以本文針對影響後空翻動作著地穩定性的因素及相關肌力訓練內容來進行探討。由本文內容中得知提升後空翻動作著地穩定性應注意下列三點:一、著地角度應接近垂直但角度不宜超過90°。二、應運用收縮膝關節角度來獲得較多緩衝空間及減少身體重心前後移動的幅度,進而能有效減少實施扣分。三、以人體肢段作最有效運用的角度而言,著地時應將手臂上舉如此較容易控制身體重心的穩定性。另外,從預防運動傷害的角度而言提升肌力應是專項訓練中必備課程之一,選手強化腹、背部主要作用肌群的肌力後應能減少著地時發生下肢傷害,所以肌力訓練亦能作為降低競技體操選手著地時發生運動傷害的良好訓練策略。

英文摘要

Due to the fact that backflip somersault landings exude performance stability, for a great majority of current competitive gymnasts, concluding their routines with a series of backflip actions is a primary choice. The quality of the landing performance greatly affects the scores attained during competitions and the risk of injuries. Therefore, this study is primarily focused on investigating factors influencing backflip landing stability and all relevant strength training regimens. From our study, we learn that 3 key factors ensure the enhancement of backflip landing stability. 1. Landing angles should be perpendicular but should not exceed 90°. 2. By applying a technique to contract knee joints during landing, a greater cushioning effect for the knees that reduces the amplitude of movement around the body's center of gravity during landing can be achieved, which can effectively reduce score deductions during competitions. 3. In terms of maximizing the use of a body's segments, landing with upper limbs raised can allow for easy control and stabilization of a body's center of gravity. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of sport injury prevention, muscle strength enhancement is a required course during specialized training. Athletes must strengthen abdominal and back muscles to prevent injuries during landing. Therefore, we can conclude that strength training is an effective method for decreasing the possibility of sports injuries for landing athletes and is an optimal training strategy.

主题分类 社會科學 > 體育學
参考文献
  1. 陳光輝、何維華(2005)。吊環團身後空翻三周下環動作技術之個案分析:以林耀輝選手為例。大專體育學刊,7(3),273-286。
    連結:
  2. 陳光輝、陳五洲(2011)。從競技體操評分規則的規範探討結束動作之選擇─質與量的考量。中華體育季刊,25(3),548-554。
    連結:
  3. 陳光輝、湯文慈(2010)。對競技體操結束動作著地表現應有的認知─從動作選擇與下肢肌力輔助訓練探討。中華體育季刊,24(2),163-169。
    連結:
  4. 鄭黎暉(2006)。大專甲組體操選手運動傷害發生原因、處理方式與預防策略之研究。藝術學報,79,215-229。
    連結:
  5. Beatty, K. T.,Mclntosh, A. S.,Frechede, B. O.(2007).Variation in landing during gymnastics skills.Proceedings of theannual meeting of the XXV International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports,OuroPreto, Brazil:
  6. Chen, K. H.,Cheng, C, L.,Tang, W. T.(2011).Analysis of tuck back somersault joint flexion and impulse characteristics among three different arm positions.2011國際運動生物力學研討會暨臺灣運動生物力學年會,Taoyuan, Taiwan:
  7. International Gymnastics Federation(2013).The men's artistic gymnastics code of points.Lucerne, Switzerland:Raeber.
  8. Kirialanis, P.,Malliou, P.,Beneka, A.,Giannakopoulos, K.(2003).Occurrence of acute lower limb injuries in artistic gymnastics in relation to event and exercise phase.British Journal of Sports Medicine,37,137-139.
  9. Lees, A.(1981).Methods of impact absorption when landing from a jump.Engineer Medicine,10,207-211.
  10. McNitt-Gray, J. L.(1991).Kinematics and impulse characteristics of drop landing from three heights.International Journal of Applied Biomechanics,7,201-224.
  11. McNitt-Gray, J. L.,Hester, D. M. E.,Mathiyakom, W.,Munkasy, B. A.(2001).Mechanical demand and multijoint control during landing depend on orientation of the body segments relative to the reaction force.Journal of Biomechanics,34(11),1471-1482.
  12. Mcnitt-Gray, J. L.,Takashi, Y.,Millward, C.(1993).Landing strategy adjustments made by female gymnasts in response to drop height and mat composition.Journal of Applied Biomechanics,9,173-190.
  13. Prassas, S.,Kwon, Y. H.,Sands, W. A.(2006).Biomechanical research in artistic gymnastics: A review.Sports Biomechanics,5(2),261-291.
  14. Rutkowska-Kucharska, A.(1998).Take-off structure and touchdown loads during landing in the selected rhythmic sport gymnastics jumps.Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the XVI International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports,Konstanz, Germany:
  15. 全國體育院校教材委員會(2000)。競技體操高級教材。北京市:人民體育。
  16. 江金裕(2005)。女子體操選手運動傷害之探討。國民教育,45(5),52-57。
  17. 江金裕、余美麗(2004)。臺灣地區大專女子體操選手運動傷害調查研究。國立臺北師範學院學報,17(1),1-22。
  18. 林仁彬、黃惠芝(2008)。競技體操選手受傷率與危險因素之探討。嘉大體育健康休閒期刊,7(1),171-177。
  19. 姚吉慶(2003)。論競技體操跳馬落地技術穩定性。武漢體育學院學報,37(2),74-76。
  20. 劉志成(1987)。競技體操力學原理。北京市:人民體育。
  21. 劉榮增(1986)。體操落地技術及其訓練問題初探。體育科學,4,47-50。
  22. 劉榮增、姚俠文(1992)。技巧運動員馮濤、邵春華後空翻三周落地技術分析。北京體育學院學報,15(2),83-87。
  23. 劉學貞(2009)。運動生物力學實驗與習題。北京市:北京體育大學。
  24. 鄭吾真、陸保鍾(1990)。競技體操訓練學。北京市:北京體育學院。
  25. 聶性誠(1993)。對體操落地動作技術結構的研究。安徽體育科技,1993(2),39-44。
  26. 嚴波濤、于長菊、張伯強(1994)。體操跳躍類動作落地穩定性地生物力學原理探討。西安體育學院學報,11(2),65-71。
被引用次数
  1. 賴建廷,劉宏祐,楊政盛,黃勝盟,彭賢德,陳暉(2022)。優秀男子競技體操選手團身後空翻之運動學分析。大專體育學刊,24(1),102-116。
  2. 盧彥廷,楊礎豪,林高正(2021)。男子競技體操雙槓項目肌力訓練方式探討。運動教練科學,62,1-12。