题名

「動」與「靜」間之平衡－談禪定在運動中之應用

并列篇名

Between Motion and Static - Talk about the Application of Meditation in Sports

DOI

10.6194/SCS.2015.39.07

作者

陳文和(Wen-Her Chen)

关键词

正念 ； 心理功效 ； 生理功效 ； 運動表現 ； mindfulness ； psychological effects ； physiological effects ； athletic performance

期刊名称

運動教練科學

卷期/出版年月

39期（2015 / 09 / 01）

页次

91 - 107

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

禪定是一種精神訓練的方法。近年來，禪定越來越成為西方心理學中的熱門課題，尤其是對禪定的功效研究。本文針對禪定訓練對運動員生理、心理放鬆及提升運動表現的影響做一整合性探討，發現心理學對於禪定的功效研究，主要集中於：一、心理功效，如增加積極情緒、幸福感及認知功能；二、生理功效：如出現放鬆反應，導致肌肉放鬆、基礎新陳代謝降低、自主神經系統的調節、促進免疫系統的功能以及導致身體在平衡、力量、柔韌性、感受性、靈活性等方面均獲得了增強；三、運動上之應用：主要針對在提升運動表現與運動後的恢復效果。由於禪定自身的特性，即透過不加判斷的關注當下的各種體驗，並接受那些消極的令人不舒服的各種感覺，達到內心的平靜與和諧，因此禪定是否適合所有的運動項目還有待檢驗。
英文摘要

Meditation is a way for mental training. In recent years, meditation has increasingly become popular in Western psychology, especially for meditation efficacy studies. Therefore, this article is talking about meditation training for athletes' physical, mental relaxation and enhances the impact of sports performance integrated discussion for reference in teaching or training. The Psychology efficacy studies for meditation focused on 1. the psychological effect: such as increased positive mood, well-being and cognitive function. 2. the physiological effects: In case the relaxation response, causing muscle relaxation, reduced basal metabolism, regulate the autonomic nervous system, the immune system and promote the cause of the body in balance, strength, flexibility, sensitivity and flexibility have received enhanced. 3. Application of upper limb movement: the main effect for recovery after athletic performance and enhance movement. Due to the characteristics of meditation itself, through a variety of experiences without judgment concerns the moment and accept those negative feeling uncomfortable variety, reach inner peace and harmony, so for now there is no answer about meditation is suitable for all the sport or not.
主题分类 社會科學 > 體育學
参考文献
  1. Austin, J. H.(1998).Zen and the brain: Toward an understanding of meditation and consciousness.London:Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
  2. Baer, R. A.(2003).Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review.Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice,10,125-143.
  3. Barnes, V. A.,Treiber, F. A.,Turner, J. R.,Davis, H.,Strong, W. B.(1999).Acute effects of transcendental meditation on hemodynamic functioning in middle-aged adults.Psychosomatic Medicine,61(4),525-531.
  4. Barnhofer, T.,Duggan, D.,Crane, C.,Hepburn, S.,Fennell, M. J.,Williams, J. M.(2007).Effects of meditation on frontal alpha-asymmetry in previously suicidal individuals.Neuroreport,18(7),709-812.
  5. Beilock, S. L.,Afremow, J. A.,Rabe, A. L.,Carr, T. H.(2001)."Don't miss!" The debilitating effects of suppressive imagery on golf putting performance.Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology,23,200-221.
  6. Bernardi, L.,Sleight, P.,Bandinelli, G.,Cencetti, S.,Fattorini, L.,Wdowczyc-Szulc, J.(2001).Effect of rosary prayer and yoga mantras on autonomic cardiovascular rhythms: Comparative study.BMJ Clinical Research,323(7327),1446-1449.
  7. Blask, D. E, Sauer, L. A.,Dauchy, R.,Holowachuk, E. W.,Ruhoff, M. S.(1999).New actions of melatonin on tumor metabolism and growth.Biological Signals and Receptors,8(1-2),49-55.
  8. Bonadonna, R.(2003).Meditation's impact on chronic illness.Holistic Nursing Practice,17(6),309-319.
  9. Bujatti, M.,Riederer, P.(1976).Serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine metabolites in transcendental meditation-technique.Journal of Neural Transmission,39(3),257-267.
  10. Cahn, B. R.,Polich, J.(2006).Meditation states and traits.Psychological Bulletin,132(2),180-211.
  11. Chang, V. Y.,Palesh, O.,Caldwell, R.,Glasgow, N.,Abramson, M.,Luskin, F.(2004).The effects of a mindfulness-based stress reduction program on stress, mindfulness self-efficacy, and positive states of mind.Stress and Health,20,141-147.
  12. Chesney, M. A.,Darbes, L. A.,Hoerster, K.,Taylor, J. M.,Chambers, D. B.,Anderson, D. E.(2005).Positive emotions: Exploring the other hemisphere in behavioral medicine.International Journal of Behavioral Medicine,12(2),50-58.
  13. Csikszentmihalyi, M.(1991).Flow: The psychology of optimal experience.New York:Harper Perennial.
  14. Davidson, R. J.,Kabat-Zinn, J.,Schumacher, J.,Rosenkranz, M.,Bonus, K.,Sheridan, J. F.(2003).Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation.Psychosomatic Medicine,65(4),564-570.
  15. Duncan, L.,Weissenburger, D.(2003).Effects of a brief meditation program on wellbeing and loneliness.TCA Journal,31(4),4-14.
  16. Fjaerli, O.,Lund, T.,Osterud, B.(1999).The effect of melatonin on cellular activation processes in human blood.Journal of Pineal Research,26(1),50-55.
  17. Fredrickson, B. L.,Cohn, M. A.,Coffey, K. A.,Pek, J.,Finkel, S. M.(2008).Open hearts build lives: Positive emotions, induced through loving-kindness meditation, build consequential personal resources.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,95(5),1045-1062.
  18. Garcia-Maurino, S.,Pozo, D.,Carrillo-Vico, A.,Calvo J. R.,Guerrero, J. M.(1999).Melatonin activates Th1 lymphocytes by increasing IL-12 production.Life Sciences,65(20),2143-2150.
  19. Gardner, F. L.,Moore, Z. E.(2004).A mindfulness-acceptance-commitment-based approach to athletic performance enhancement: Theoretical considerations.Behavior Therapy,35(4),707-723.
  20. Gardner, F. L.,Moore, Z. E.(2006).Clinical sport psychology.Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics.
  21. Gardner, F. L.,Moore, Z. E.(2007).The psychology of enhancing human performance: The Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) approach.New York:Springer.
  22. Goldstein, J.,Kornfield, J.(1987).Seeking the heart of wisdom.Boston, MA:Shambhala.
  23. Hayes, S. C.(Ed.),Follette, V. M.(Ed.),Linehan, M. M.(Ed.)(2004).Mindfulness and acceptance: Expanding the cognitive-behavioral tradition.New York:Guilford.
  24. Haynes, A.(2004).Meditation and health: An annotated bibliography.Reference & User Services Quarterly,44(1),18-25.
  25. Herzog, H.,Lele, V. R.,Kuwert, T.,Langen, K. J.,Rota Kops, E.,Feinendegen, L. E.(1990).Changed pattern of regional glucose metabolism during yoga meditative relaxation.Neuropsychobiology,23(4),182-187.
  26. Infante, J. R.,Torres-Avisbal, M.,Pinel, P.,Vallejo, J. A.,Peran, F.,Gonzalez, F.(2001).Catecholamine levels in practitioners of the transcendental meditation technique.Physiology & Behavior,72(1-2),141-146.
  27. Janelle, C. M.(1999).Ironic mental processes in sport: Implications for sport psychologists.The Sport Psychologist,13,201-220.
  28. Kabat-Zinn, J.(1990).Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness.New York:Delacorte.
  29. Kabat-Zinn, J.(1982).An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: Theoretical considerations and preliminary results.General Hospital Psychiatry,4(1),33-47.
  30. Kabat-Zinn, J.(2005).Coming to our senses: Healing ourselves and the world mindfulness.London:Piatkus.
  31. Kabat-Zinn, J.(1994).Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life.New York:Hyperion.
  32. Kabat-Zinn, J.,Beall, B.,Rippe, J.(1985).A systematic mental training program based on mindfulness meditation to optimize performance in collegiate and Olympic rowers.International Sports Medicine Congress,Copenhangen, Denmark:
  33. Kaufman, K. A.,Glass, C. R.,Arnkoff, D. B.(2009).An evaluation of Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement (MSPE): A new mental training approach to promote flow in athletes.Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology,4,334-356.
  34. Kee, Y. H.,Liu, Y. T.(2011).Effects of dispositional mindfulness on the self-controlled learning of a novel motor task.Learning and Individual Differences,21(4),468-471.
  35. Kee, Y. H.,Wang, C. K. J.(2008).Relationships between mindfulness, flow dispositions and mental skills adoption: A cluster analytic approach.Psychology of Sport and Exercise,9(4),393-411.
  36. Kennaway, D. J.,Wright, H.(2003).Melatonin and circadian rhythms.Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry,2(2),199-209.
  37. Luskin, F.(2004).Transformative practices for integrating mind-body-spirit.The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine,10(1),15-23.
  38. Lutz, A.,Slagter, H. A.,Dunne, J. D.,Davidson, R. J.(2008).Attention regulation and monitoring in meditation.Trends in Cognitive Sciences,12(4),163-169.
  39. Maestroni, G. J. M.(1993).The irnmunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin.Journal of Pineal Research,14,1-10.
  40. Majumdar, M.,Grossman, P.,Dietz-Waschkowski, B.,Kersig, S.,Walach, H.(2002).Does mindfulness meditation contribute to health? Outcome evaluation of a German sample.The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine,8(6),719-730.
  41. Massion, A. O.,Teas, J.,Hebert, J. R.,Wertheimer, M. D.,Kabat-Zinn, J.(1995).Meditation, melatonin and breast/prostate cancer: Hypothesis and preliminary data.Medical Hypotheses,44(1),39-46.
  42. Merali, Z.,Lacosta, S.,Anisman, H.(1997).Effects of interleukin-1beta and mild stress on alterations of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission: A regional microdialysis study.Brain Research,761(2),225-235.
  43. Moore, A.,Malinowski, P.(2009).Meditation, mindfulness and cognitive flexibility.Consciousness and Cognition,18,176-185.
  44. Mruk, C. J.(2006).Zen and psychotherapy: Integrating traditional and nontraditional approaches.New York:Springer.
  45. Newberg, A.,Alavi, A.,Baime, M.,Pourdehnad, M.,Santanna, J.(2001).The measurement of regional cerebral blood flow during the complex cognitive task of meditation: A preliminary SPECT study.Psychiatry Research,106(2),113-122.
  46. Ortner, C. N. M.,Kilner, S. G.,Zelazo, P. D.(2007).Mindfulness meditation and reduced emotional interference on a cognitive task.Motivation and Emotion,31,271-283.
  47. Ospina, M. B.,Bond, K.,Karkhaneh, M.,Buscemi, N.,Dryden, D. M.,Barnes, V.(2008).Clinical trials of meditation practices in health care: Characteristics and quality.The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine,14(10),1199-1213.
  48. Ott, M. J.(2004).Mindfulness meditation: A path of transformation & healing.Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services,42(7),22-30.
  49. Pollard, G.,Ashton, R.(1982).Heart rate decrease: A comparison of feedback modalities and biofeedback with other procedures.Biological Psychology,14(3-4),245-257.
  50. Reiter, R. J.,Calvo, J. R.,Karbownik, M.,Qi, W.,Tan, D. X.(2000).Melatonin and its relation to the immune system and inflammation.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,917,376-386.
  51. Sakotnik, A.,Liebmann, P. M.,Stoschitzky, K.,Lercher, P.,Schauenstein, K.,Klein, W.(1999).Decreased melatonin synthesis in patients with coronary artery disease.European Heart Journal,20(18),1314-1317.
  52. Sauer, L. A.,Dauchy, R. T.,Blask, D. E.(2001).Polyunsaturated fatty acids, melatonin, and cancer prevention.Biochemical Pharmacology,61(12),1455-1462.
  53. Schmidt, S.(2004).Mindfulness and healing intention: Concepts, practice, and research evaluation.Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine,10(1),7-14.
  54. Schneider, R. H.,Staggers, F.,Alexander, C. N.,Sheppard, M. R.,Kondwani, K.,Smith, S.(1995).A randomized controlled trial of stress reduction for hypertension in older African Americans.Hypertension,26(5),820-827.
  55. Schure, M. B.,Christopher, J.,Christopher, S.(2008).Mind-body medicine and the art of self-care: Teaching mindfulness to counseling students through yoga, meditation, and qigong.Journal of Counseling and Development,86,47-56.
  56. Schwanhausser, L.(2009).Application of the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) protocol with an adolescent springboard diver.Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology,3(4),377-395.
  57. Sears, S.,Kraus, S.(2009).I think therefore i om: Cognitive distortions and coping style as mediators for the effects of mindfulness meditation on anxiety, positive and negative affect, and hope.Journal of Clinical Psychology,65,561-572.
  58. Smith, J. C.(2004).Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation: Three caveats.Psychosomatic Medicine,66(1),148-152.
  59. Smith, W. P.,Compton, W. C.,West, W. B.(1995).Meditation as an adjunct to a happiness enhancement program.Journal of Clinical Psychology,51(2),269-273.
  60. Solberg, E. E,Ingjer, F.,Holen, A.,Sundgot-Borgen, J.,Nilsson, S.,Holme, I.(2000).Stress reactivity to and recovery from a standardised exercise bout: A study of 31 runners practising relaxation techniques.British Journal of Sports Medicine,34(4),268-272.
  61. Sugamura, G.,Haruki, Y.,Koshikawa, F.(2007).Building more solid bridges between Buddhism and Western psychology.The American Psychologist,62(9),1080-1081.
  62. Tanner, M. A.,Travis, F.,Gaylord-King, C.,Haaga, D. A.,Grosswald, S.,Schneider, R. H.(2009).The effects of the transcendental meditation program on mindfulness.Journal of Clinical Psychology,65(6),574-577.
  63. Tooley, G. A.,Armstrong, S. M.,Norman, T. R.,Sali, A.(2000).Acute increases in nighttime plasma melatonin levels following a period of meditation.Biological Psychology,53(1),69-78.
  64. Walsh, R.(1981).Speedy Western minds slow slowly.Revision,4(1),75-77.
  65. Walton, K. G.,Pugh, N. D.,Gelderloos, P.,Macrae, P.(1995).Stress reduction and preventing hypertension: Preliminary support for a psychoneuroendocrine mechanism.The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine,1(3),263-283.
  66. Wegner, D. M.(1994).Ironic processes of mental control.Psychological Review,101(1),34-52.
  67. Wenk-Sormaz, H.(2005).Meditation can reduce habitual responding.Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine,11(2),42-59.
  68. Wetterberg, L.(1999).Melatonin and clinical application.Reproduction, Nutrition, Development,39(3),367-382.
  69. 王斌、駱莉莉(2002)。自行車運動員在恢復過程中運用冥想訓練的現場實驗研究。北京體育大學學報，25(6)，760-762。
  70. 王瑋(2011)。冥想念動訓練對肌肉力量增長的實驗研究。北京體育大學學報，34(4)，142-144。
  71. 林嶺、張力為(2007)。運動性心理疲勞問題的研究現狀。心理科學進展，15(3)，524-531。
  72. 姜鎮英(2000)。冥想訓練對美國中學游泳選手訓練後的焦慮、心境狀態及心率恢復的影響。體育科學，20(6)，66-74。
  73. 張力為(2007)。運動心理學。北京市:高等教育。
  74. 張惠(2009)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。武漢市，武漢體育學院。
  75. 張蘇范、畢希名、周變生(1987)。生物反饋─新的心理（行為）治療。北京市:北京科學技術。
  76. 楊錫讓(1997)。運動生理學原理及應用。臺北市:文化大學。
  77. 鐘伯光、姒剛彥、張春青(2013)。正念訓練在運動競技領域應用述評。中國運動醫學雜誌，32(1)，65-74。
被引用次数
  1. 黃相瑋(2022)。大學羽球運動員用心與競賽壓力因應策略探討。臺東大學體育學報，36，35-55。
  2. 林育陞(2017)。正念冥想的幫助。諮商與輔導，384，2-5。
print cancel